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Two side-by-side papers report that the transcription elongation factor ELOF1 drives transcription-coupled repair and prevents replication stress.

Pair density modulation, an unusual superconducting state whose superconducting gap is modulated by the wavelength corresponding to the lattice periodicity, is described and observed in exfoliated thin flakes of the iron-based superconductor FeTe_0.55Se_0.45.

Using highly purified protein factors, we provide evidence that BRCA1–BARD1 physically interacts with EXO1, BLM and WRN and upregulates the activity of all three resection pathways.

Pannexins are large pore channels involved in ion and ATP release. Here the authors use cryo-EM structures of Pannexins 1 and 3 to demonstrate the effects of distinct residue substitutions on channel structure and function.

Photon Bose–Einstein condensation is observed in a semiconductor laser, where thermalization and condensation of photons occur using an InGaAs quantum well and an open microcavity. The distinction between regimes of photon Bose–Einstein condensation and conventional lasing are clearly identified.

Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis (SJS/TEN) is a rare but life-threatening severe cutaneous drug reaction mediated by CD8⁺ T cells. Here the authors characterise the immune response in skin samples at the site of tissue damage from patients affected with SJS/TEN and compare this to healthy skin or blister fluid and find populations of CD8⁺ T cell clonotypes expressing cytotoxic mediator molecules.

Ras family genes are common targets for somatic mutations in human cancer: KRAS is frequently mutated in lung carcinomas, whereas HRAS mutations are common in skin tumors. Allan Balmain and colleagues use genetic engineering of ras genes in mice to show that specificity for ras mutations is determined by local regulatory elements, and that Kras 4A is the major oncogenic isoform of Kras.

Cell-based phenotypic assays link in vitro discovery to disease pathology. Here, the authors report a semiconductor-based microplate platform to perform high-throughput, high-dimensional “electrical imaging” for label-free assessment of live cell morphology and function.

Ultraconserved non-coding elements (UCNEs) can regulate developmental gene expression. Retinal multi-omics data integration revealed UCNEs to be candidate cis-regulatory elements during retinal development, which may be implicated in rare eye diseases.

Guo et al. show that ligand-induced EGFR activation suppresses invasion by upregulating BIN3 and inhibiting DOCK7-regulated Rho GTPase activity in EGFR-amplified glioblastoma, which is in contrast to the known oncogenic role for EGFR signalling.

Cataloging microbial genomes from Earth’s environments expands the known phylogenetic diversity of bacteria and archaea.

Recurrence of meningiomas is unpredictable by current methods based on surgically removed specimens, and identification of patients likely to recur could inform treatment strategy. Here, the authors analysed DNA methylation in liquid biopsy specimens from meningioma patients to help classify recurrence risk noninvasively even before surgery.

Multifilament surgical sutures functionalized with a conductive polymer and incorporating pledgets with capacitive sensors operated via radiofrequency identification can be used to monitor physicochemical states of deep surgical sites.

A class of bi-level architected piezoelectric lattice metamaterials is introduced that is capable of tunably coupling shear and axial deformation modes. This strategy could allow facile control of active shape morphing for robotic locomotion.

CD39 is an ectonucleotidase associated with immunoregulatory function. Here authors show regulation of CD39 expression by an endogenous antisense RNA moiety transcribed from the 3‘ end of CD39/ENTPD1 which when itself is silenced results in amelioration of pathology in an animal model of colitis.

South Asia is home to almost 2 billion people but is extremely underrepresented in human genetics. This study uses genomes from ~5,000 South Asians to characterize genetic variation and help facilitate future South Asian genetic studies.

Time-series observations from the JWST of the transiting exoplanet WASP-39b show gaseous water in the planet’s atmosphere and place an upper limit on the abundance of methane.

Analysis of the panchromatic transmission spectrum of the warm, low-density, Neptune-sized exoplanet WASP-107b from instruments aboard the HST and JWST suggests that tidal interaction with its host star led to changes in its atmospheric chemistry.

Brazil is a wildfire-prone region, and few studies have investigated the health impacts of wildfire exposure. Here, the authors show that wildfire waves are associated with an increase of 23% in respiratory hospital admissions and an increase of 21% in circulatory hospital admissions in Brazil.

Observations from the JWST MIRI/LRS show the detection of SO₂ spectral features in the 5–12-μm transmission spectrum of the hot, Saturn-mass exoplanet WASP-39b, suggesting that photochemistry is a key process in high-temperature exoplanet atmospheres.

Understanding the physics of transition metal oxides that move beyond the commonly studied 3d orbital state is important for future studies. Taking the (CaCu₃)B₄O₁₂ family as an example, Meyers et al.examine the electronic and magnetic structure as the B-site changes from Co to Rh and Ir.

In lung cancer, relatively few germline mutations are known to impact risk. Here the authors looked at rare variants in 39,146 individuals and find novel germline mutations associated with risk, as well as implicating ATM and a new candidate gene for lung cancer risk.

Artificial intelligence (AI) models can perform unequally across patient groups and can also be trained to recognize patient demographics. Here, the authors show that image acquisition parameters influence AI models trained to predict patient race from chest x-rays and that mitigating these factors reduces an underdiagnosis bias.

The transmission spectrum of the exoplanet WASP-39b is obtained using observations from the Single-Object Slitless Spectroscopy mode of the Near Infrared Imager and Slitless Spectrograph instrument aboard the JWST.

CTLA-4 is critical for balancing protective immunity with self-tolerance. Here the authors identify homozygous DEF6 mutations in patients with severe autoimmunity, one of which received and responds to CTLA-4-Ig, and show that DEF6 is crucial for CTLA-4 cell surface trafficking and immune regulatory function.

Analysing gut microbial time series from wild baboons, the authors show that microbiome dynamics are rarely synchronized across hosts in shared environments but are highly individualized even within the same social groups.

Environmental temperature changes can alter cell membrane lipid composition but the mechanisms underlying this conserved mechanism are unclear. Here, the authors identify the megaprotein LPD-3 in C. elegans as critical for normal phospholipid distribution and cold resilience.

Analysis of the cool brown dwarf Gliese 229 B suggests that it is actually a close binary of two less massive brown dwarfs, explaining its low luminosity and settling the conflict between theoretical predictions and measurements.

The reasons why malaria manifests with a variety of well-recognized clinical phenotypes remain poorly understood. Here, using distinct rodent models, the authors reveal that the microbiota colonizing the lung promotes respiratory distress syndrome and mortality during malaria infections.

Neuronal activity is associated with transcriptional changes. Here, the authors present a deep learning model that integrates single cell transcriptomic signals to estimate neuronal activation.

Analysis of gut microbiota of mothers and its neonates—as part of the BARNARDS study—reveals associations between β-lactamase gene carriage and neonatal sepsis risk in low-income settings.

Structures of the growing peptide chain on and off the ribosome reveal that the ribosome destabilizes the unfolded nascent chain, promoting the formation of partially folded intermediate states.