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The authors spatially and functionally map innate lymphoid cells in the human female genital tract at homeostasis, uncovering tissue-specific and subset-specific distribution and functions, and rapid antiviral responses following HIV exposure.

SINGER is a method for creating ancestral recombination graphs to understand the genealogical history of genomes. The method has increased speed, and thus scalability, without sacrificing accuracy.

How lung epithelial and endothelial cells develop into alveoli is a major knowledge gap, with implications for lung repair in preterm infants. Here, the authors establish a transcriptomic atlas of human neonatal lung disease, identifying semaphorins as pivotal mediators of organogenesis and injury.

Researchers demonstrate two-stage laser stabilization based on a combination of Fabry–Pérot and spectral-hole burning techniques. The laser was first pre-stabilized using Fabry–Pérot cavities and then modulated to address a spectral-hole pattern in Eu³⁺:Y₂SiO₅. Taking advantage of the low sensitivity of the spectral holes to environmental perturbations, the researchers obtained a fractional frequency stability of 6 × 10⁻¹⁶

Genome-wide association analyses of prostate cancer in men from sub-Saharan Africa identify population-specific risk variants and regional differences in effect sizes. Founder effects contribute to continental differences in the genetic architecture of prostate cancer.

Every summer the Arctic Ocean loses more ice — and it could all be gone within decades. Quirin Schiermeier looks at how the vanishing summer ice affects those living in the north.

Horses, dogs and even a tiger have received the unproven therapies. Now, drug regulators plan to weigh in.

Modeling neurodevelopmental trajectories in a pediatric cohort reveals accelerated decrease in correlation between brain structural and functional connectivity in children exposed to high levels of prenatal adversity.

Observations of six transiting planets around the bright nearby star HD 110067 show that they follow a chain of resonant orbits, with three of the planets inferring the presence of large hydrogen-dominated atmospheres.

Research-agency heads from around the world agree to formulate shared principles to aid collaborations.

A network of optical atomic clocks based on three different atomic species is reported and their frequency ratios are measured with uncertainties at or below 8 × 10⁻¹⁸.

Autophagy can selectively target cargo for degradation. Here the authors map the proximal interactome of ATG8-paralogs LC3B and LC3C uncovering an LC3C-Endocytic-Associated-Pathway that selectively recruits internalized plasma membrane cargo, Met and transferrin receptors, to nascent autophagosomes.

Researchers demonstrate a microwave generator based on a high-Q optical resonator and a frequency comb functioning as an optical-to-microwave divider. They generate 10 GHz electrical signals with a fractional frequency instability of ≤8 × 10⁻¹⁶ at 1 s.

Modern crocodylian diversity is in decline and sympatry is rare, with usually no more than two or three species occurring in the same geographic area. Here Scheyer et al. identify a diversity peak in sympatric occurrence of at least seven new and previously characterized crocodylian species during the Miocene in South America.

Shot noise originates from the discrete nature of optical field detection. By exploiting correlations in the shot-noise spectrum of optical pulse trains, scientists improve shot-noise-limited optical pulse timing measurements by several orders of magnitude. A photodetected pulse train timing noise floor at an unprecedented 25 zs Hz^−1/2 is reported.

The authors summarize the data produced by phase III of the Encyclopedia of DNA Elements (ENCODE) project, a resource for better understanding of the human and mouse genomes.

A method called MEDUSA was developed for identifying death regulatory genes in chemo-genetic profiling data, which enables characterization of a previously unappreciated mechanism of death induced by DNA damage in p53-deficient cells.

The ENIGMA-ORIGINs group presents a large and globally diverse pediatric neuroimaging dataset from birth to age 6. They use this resource to study the effects of sociodemographics and adverse birth outcomes on trajectories of brain volumes and cognition.

Invariant NKT cells elicit the rapid release of cytokines. Two papers by Leadbetter and Vinuesa and colleagues show that these cells can also provide direct help to B cells to elicit rapid antibody responses.

Results from a phase 3, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial demonstrate that MDMA-assisted therapy is safe and effective in treating severe post-traumatic stress disorder.

Interspecies comparisons between atomic optical clocks are important for several technological applications. A recently proposed spectroscopy technique extends the interrogation times of clocks, leading to highly stable comparison between species.

What makes the phonons in cuprates become chiral, as measured by their thermal Hall effect, is an unresolved question. Here, the authors rule out two extrinsic mechanisms and argue that chirality comes from a coupling of acoustic phonons to the intrinsic excitations of the CuO₂ planes.

John Chambers, Jaspal Kooner, Pim van der Harst, Shyong Tai, Paul Elliott, Jiang He, Norihiro Kato and colleagues performed a genome-wide association study of blood pressure phenotypes in individuals of European, East Asian and South Asian ancestry. They find trait-associated SNPs at 12 loci, some of which are associated with methylation at nearby CpG sites.

The point at which a magnetic field kills superconductivity in the cuprates has been difficult to measure. Grissonnanche et al. use thermal conductivity measurements to reliably determine this field and find that it drops suddenly below some critical doping, suggesting the onset of a new competing phase.

Huang and colleagues used machine-learning estimators to analyse a broad range of parameters in a prospective cohort consisting ART and spontaneously conceived children. Small differences in stature and growth could not be explained by parental or perinatal environment factors, nor differences in fetal DNA methylation. No strong differences in metabolic parameters were seen.

Structural studies of translation are in a state of rapid progress. For eubacterial systems, low resolution images of whole ribosomes can be combined with high resolution structures of individual components. For eucaryotic systems, the first individual structures are just begining to emerge.

Using two coherent broadband fibre-laser frequency comb sources, a coherent laser ranging system for absolute distance measurements is demonstrated. Its combination of precision, speed and long range may prove particularly useful for space-based sciences.

Three planets orbit the Sun-like star ν² Lupi. CHEOPS data show that all of them are transiting and show remarkable diversity. In particular, dry and gas-poor inner planet b has experienced extensive atmospheric loss, while planets c and d are water rich and have a small gaseous envelope of primordial origin.

Using 13 functional traits we characterize the Amazonian trees and the communities they form. Amazonian tree communities are distributed along a fast-slow-spectrum. This results in clear differences in traits among these forests, as well as their biomass and biomass productivity.

Scientists demonstrate a cavity-stabilized laser system with a reduced thermal noise floor, exhibiting a fractional frequency instability of 2 × 10⁻¹⁶. They use this system as a stable optical source in an ytterbium optical lattice clock to resolve an ultranarrow 1 Hz linewidth for the 518 THz clock transition. Consistent measurements with a clock instability of 5 × 10⁻¹⁶/√τ are reported.