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Sarah DeWeerdt describes the intricate relationship between HIV and the host immune system, each influencing the other's next moves.

The search for disease mechanisms and treatments is one of the biggest collaborative efforts in science. These researchers are significant contributors.

Increasing the amount of protein produced through aquaculture is essential to feed a growing global population. But scientists want to ensure the industry grows sustainably.

The characteristic brain pathology and motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease are well established. But the details of the disease's cause and course are much murkier.

The relationship between pathology in the brain and alterations in the gut microbiome could lead to therapies — even if it’s not clear which changes come first.

Plastic has long been an ecological problem. But emerging technologies and more awareness could make the ubiquitous material part of a circular economy.

Gene exploration is providing unexpected insights into inflammatory bowel disease, and getting scientists closer to finding treatments that target the biological mechanisms.

Disrupted sleep patterns affect mental health, and researchers now hope that repairing circadian rhythms could ease symptoms.

Researchers are amassing evidence about the best ways to treat the precursor condition before it develops into active disease.

Despite notable success stories, many conditions still present a complex challenge.

The animals’ keen sense of smell could improve the detection of illnesses such as cancer and tuberculosis.

Community-based efforts have reduced the parasitic infection to a handful of cases in humans each year, but the emergence of infections in dogs and other animals threatens to derail progress.

Vaccination is picking up where screening left off to reduce the incidence of one of the most common cancers in women.

Even as new treatments loom, researchers are still trying to understand what goes wrong inside the cells of people with the genetic disorder.

The increasing acidity of our seas is a threat to marine life that for many species may be impossible to overcome.

A subterranean species that seems to be cancer-proof is providing promising clues on how we might prevent the disease in humans.

A pathogen spread by domestic cats threatens the health of humans and livestock. Could a solution as simple as taking better care of cats help to combat the infection?

Many people with irritable bowel syndrome feel that they benefit from dietary interventions, but researchers still lack a full understanding of how food can inflame this disorder.

As the fallopian tubes come to the fore as the source of the most common form of ovarian cancer, researchers and clinicians are devising strategies to prevent the disease.

Access to fertility treatments is limited by the cost in both high- and low-income countries. But new technologies and attitudes aim to fix that.

Anti-inflammatory therapies for cardiovascular disease are nearing the clinic. But whether scientists understand how inflammation contributes to fatty-deposit build-up well enough to target it effectively is open to debate.

Early oral exposure to some allergenic foods is now seen as a key prevention strategy, but tackling inhalant allergies remains a challenge.

A flood of sequencing data is enabling researchers to uncover how tumours differ from each other, and what such variation means for treatment strategies.

Studying lymphoma in canines yields insight into therapies for people — with a bonus of helping the animals.

Eating well could be better for skin health than applying lotions and potions. But which vitamins and nutrients will yield the healthiest glow?

Treatments that target RNA or deliver it to cells fall into three broad categories, with hybrid approaches also emerging.

William Coley found a way to prompt the immune system to fight cancer over a century ago. After years of neglect, scientists are now seeking to replicate his success.

Researchers are on the hunt for a better alternative to the BCG vaccine.

As the link between stress and psoriasis flare-ups becomes clearer, it seems the most vulnerable patients require a new type of treatment.

Treatments that can cross the blood–brain barrier are needed if doctors are to treat the devastating neurological symptoms of many lysosomal storage disorders.

Introducing a human disease into mice is helping researchers explore its nature and find potential therapies.

Transporting people around the cities of the future is a public-policy challenge, but it's also an opportunity to improve the health of urban populations.

Gut bacteria have an important but elusive role in the formation of colorectal cancer.

Technologies that rapidly sequence DNA reveal deep genetic diversity both within and among individuals with leukaemia.

Studies in never-smokers have revealed key lung-cancer mutations — but the cause of the disease is still a mystery.

Finding the right food to help reduce our chances of cancer can be a maze. But ongoing studies and a little inventive cooking might point us in the right direction.

Evolution can extend a species' lifespan by an order of magnitude. Can we learn the same tricks?

The study of autism around the globe must account for a variety of behavioural norms in different societies.

The nearly century-long search for a malaria vaccine might end in the bottom of a cup.

The causal relationships between lack of sleep and mood disorders remain murky. But one thing is clear as day: better sleep can have psychological benefits.

In type 1 diabetes, the immune system goes haywire and depletes insulin-producing cells. Drugs that interfere with this process could one day reverse the disease's course.

Can exercise, social interaction and the Mediterranean diet really help to keep the cognitive decline of Alzheimer's disease at bay?

State-of-the art tumour-genome sequencing and analysis is enabling researchers to provide uniquely personalized immunotherapy.

Work to determine which prostate cancers are truly dangerous may finally be coming to fruition.

Results ready in minutes and more efficacious drugs will help find and treat the hundreds of millions of carriers.

Treatments for olfactory loss are currently scarce, but with millions of people unable to smell as a result of COVID-19, researchers are pursuing the problem with renewed vigour.

Understanding how the opioid epidemic arose in the United States could help to predict how it might spread to other countries.

To predict how much climate change will raise sea level, researchers are studying ice shelves — where vast expanses of ice meet the ocean.

Altering the community of bacteria that live in the gut might help infants to thrive or even avoid conditions such as asthma and diabetes.