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Itaconate is an airway metabolite released by phagocytes in response to infection. Here, the authors show that itaconate acts as a signal to simulate the adaptation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to the lung by modifying RpoN through S-itaconation.

This Review surveys how higher-order interactions, which link more than two units at a time, reshape collective dynamics in complex systems. New synchronization phenomena, analytical frameworks and emerging methods to reduce or infer higher-order structure from data, are highlighted.

This global meta-analysis of freshwater stressor–response relationships reveals that the biodiversity loss of five riverine organism groups reflects elevated salinity, oxygen depletion and fine sediment accumulation, while the relationship with nutrient enrichment and warming varies among groups.

Genetically encoded sensors are generally optimized to function during exponential growth rather than stationary phase, which limits their potential value for metabolic engineering and bioproduction. Here, authors engineer a stationary phase green light sensor and use pulsatile light to optimize production of industrially relevant small molecules.

This Perspective synthesizes insights from the past use of nature markets to identify design factors that are necessary if such markets are to achieve their environmental aims—although qualitative scoring of existing markets against these rules identifies pervasive gaps.

Improved understanding of the tumor ecosystem in glioblastoma is critical for developing new treatment strategies for the disease. Here, the authors identify pericytes as an active paracrine signaling hub within the tumor parenchyma that orchestrates a tumor-suppressive microenvironment, suggesting pericyte preservation as a key feature of future therapeutic regimens for glioblastoma.

Using 3D numerical models, this research shows how pre-existing rift basin structures influence the shape and growth of mountain belts, offering a way to link surface topography with deep Earth processes in regions like the Pyrenees and Caucasus.

Platzek and colleagues demonstrate the power of spatial proteomics to study yeast cell biology. They show that, during ER stress, hundreds of proteins undergo subcellular localization changes and uncover previously unknown aspects of stress-induced cellular reorganization.

This study shows how the links between somatic passenger mutations in tumors and normal cell transcriptomes can be used to infer cell-of-origin in lung adenocarcinoma.

Analysis of soundscape data from 139 globally distributed sites reveals that sounds of biological origin exhibit predictable rhythms depending on location and season, whereas sounds of anthropogenic origin are less predictable. Comparisons between paired urban–rural sites show that urban green spaces are noisier and dominated by sounds of technological origin.

The flagship paper of the ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes Consortium describes the generation of the integrative analyses of 2,658 cancer whole genomes and their matching normal tissues across 38 tumour types, the structures for international data sharing and standardized analyses, and the main scientific findings from across the consortium studies.

Methods used to date a network of marine sediment cores reveal that rapid retreat of the Ross Ice Shelf was contemporaneous with the lowering of nearby outlet glaciers, implicating warm ocean waters as a driver of Antarctic deglaciation.

Here, combining structural, proteomics and biochemical analyses, the authors elucidate how the keystone gut bacterium Ruminococcus bromii assembles a specialized enzyme complex, the amylosome, to efficiently break down resistant starch, a cardinal dietary fiber that influences gut microbiome function and health.

Creative experiences such as dance, music, drawing, and strategy video games might preserve brain health. The authors show that regular practice or short training in these activities is linked to brains that look younger and work more efficiently.

Trends in global H₂ sources and sinks are analysed from 1990 to 2020, and a comprehensive budget for the decade 2010–2020 is presented.

Oriented growth is an important pathway for crystal growth. Here, the authors show that gibbsite nanoplates form mesocrystals through directed sliding and staggered stacking, as demonstrated by in situ microscopy and molecular simulations.

Drug tolerance can delay treatment response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Here, the authors identify transcription factors and their effector genes that impact tolerance and hypersusceptibility and may serve as potential new drug targets.

This study shows how SARS-CoV-2 fusion peptides assemble and reshape membranes, revealing cooperative mechanisms that lower barriers to viral entry and offering principles for designing antiviral and membrane-responsive nanomaterials.

Protein motion in crowded environments governs cellular transport and reaction rates. Here, the authors use megahertz X-ray Photon Correlation Spectroscopy to reveal anomalous diffusion of ferritin, linking hydrodynamic and direct interactions to cage-trapping at microsecond time scales.

Species’ traits and environmental conditions determine the abundance of tree species across the globe. Here, the authors find that dominant tree species are taller and have softer wood compared to rare species and that these trait differences are more strongly associated with temperature than water availability.

Examining human brain organoids and ex vivo neonatal murine cortical slices demonstrates that structured neuronal sequences emerge independently of sensory input, highlighting the potential of brain organoids as a model for neuronal circuit assembly.

Core excitons are strongly localised excitonic states impacting x-ray absorption and resonant inelastic scattering (RIXS) spectra. Here, the authors demonstrate an application of free electron laser-driven ultrafast RIXS spectroscopy to study previously unclear aspects of core exciton-phonon interactions in graphite.

Females are more sensitive to social exclusion and loneliness, risk factors for anxiety and stressrelated disorders. Here, the authors identified molecular signals in the amygdala that make females more susceptible to effects of chronic social isolation in mice.

Chromatin structure is regulated by chemical modifications of histone proteins, but measuring these at single-cell resolution has been challenging. Here, the authors develop a mass spectrometry-based method to profile histone modifications in individual cells, revealing chromatin heterogeneity and differential co-regulation.

Here, the authors identify gene signatures tied to aggressive prostate cancer predicting poor outcomes. Further, they present data showing that early immune and metabolic shifts in normal-looking glands may signal increased relapse and metastasis risk.

How the brain adapts its representations to prioritize task-relevant information remains unclear. Here, the authors show that both monkey brains and deep learning models stretch neural representations along goal-relevant dimensions, with spike timing playing a key role.

By leveraging both deep learning and hidden Markov models, Helixer achieves broad taxonomic coverage for ab initio gene annotation of eukaryotic genomes from fungi, plants, vertebrates and invertebrates.

Splice-site targeting antisense oligonucleotides can increase the expression of host gene intron-embedded microRNA and affect axonal development in zebrafish.

The authors present an integrated acousto-optic modulator fabricated in a wafer-scale process that realizes efficient, high-speed modulation of visible light with high optical power handling.

In this work, a library of several hundred million compounds was computationally docked to a cryoEM structure of the orphan G protein-coupled receptor GPR139, leading to the discovery of a potent agonist with in vivo effects and insights into GPR139 signalling.

High-depth sequencing of non-cancerous tissue from patients with metastatic cancer reveals single-base mutational signatures of alcohol, smoking and cancer treatments, and reveals how exogenous factors, including cancer therapies, affect somatic cell evolution.

This work uses gene expression and single cell analyses to group extrapulmonary tuberculosis patients into three immune types, revealing immune pathways driving pathogenesis and markers that could improve diagnosis and guide tailored treatments.

Understanding the mechanisms of block copolymer crystallization is fundamentally important. Here the authors investigated the crystallization behavior from a miscible melt of a polymeric material composed of five potentially crystallizable and biocompatible, chemically distinct blocks.

The authors in this work apply room-temperature serial X-ray crystallography to fragment screening. This reveals distinct protein conformations and altered binding modes when compared to conventional cryogenic methods, whilst providing similar resolution.

Reduced placental angiogenesis is suspected to cause preeclampsia. Using placental in vitro models and an in vivo model, the authors uncover the key role of an amino acid transporter and related molecular interactions that together induce an anti-angiogenic state, as observed in preeclampsia.

Here the authors provide an explanation for 95% of examined predicted loss of function variants found in disease-associated haploinsufficient genes in the Genome Aggregation Database (gnomAD), underscoring the power of the presented analysis to minimize false assignments of disease risk.

Insects are declining in many regions. Here the authors show that arthropod biomass losses in Jena Experiment and Biodiversity Exploratories time series are driven more by species loss than by species identity and abundance declines, and are mitigated by high plant diversity and low land-use intensity.

Three-dimensional chiral magnetic tubes created via two-photon lithography and nickel film deposition exhibit chiral spin textures and non-reciprocal magnon transport.

Vast quantities of carbon stored in tropical forests are threatened by deforestation. Here, using high resolution satellite data, Brincket al. examine how edge effects influence carbon emissions and they find an additional 10.3 Gt of carbon are released by deforestation when including fragmentation effects.

Bifunctional methyltransferase–cyclases both transfer a methyl group to alkenes and induce cyclization—a process called methylcyclization. Now a non-enzymatic silver(I)-mediated electrophilic methylcyclization has been reported. The reaction uses commercial reagents, is applicable to a wide range of substrates and affords structures that are difficult to access by conventional synthetic methods.

As presented at AHA Scientific Sessions 2025, in a trial emulation analysis including benchmarking to data from randomized clinical trials, treatment with semaglutide and tirzepatide showed similar levels of benefit on cardiovascular outcomes in individuals at elevated cardiovascular risk with obesity and diabetes.

Nanofibrils constructed from oat protein and carrying iron nanoparticles can increase absorption compared with ferrous sulfate in human studies, offering a promising fortification strategy for treating iron deficiency and improving human nutrition.

This study shows that historical precipitation variability shapes current and future record-breaking precipitation probabilities, with regions with low current records being more at risk. High-risk regions are abundant around the world, leading to a quarter billion people facing potential precipitation disasters by 2050.