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This study shows that historical precipitation variability shapes current and future record-breaking precipitation probabilities, with regions with low current records being more at risk. High-risk regions are abundant around the world, leading to a quarter billion people facing potential precipitation disasters by 2050.

Experimental evidence of coherent charge transport in the normal state of the kagome metal CsV₃Sb₅ is presented, revealing the nature of correlated order in kagome metals and new directions for exploring quantum coherence in correlated electron systems.

Targeting FSP1 in lymph nodes has considerable potential for blocking melanoma progression.

This work investigates changes in regularity of crop failure, heatwave and wildfire exposure for different future climate scenarios. Major shifts in dominant periods are observed when moving from pre-industrial to current climate conditions.

Electrocatalytic multi-step reactions are very complex. Here, the authors report that the oxygen reduction reaction cascades through a series of rate-limiting steps that are linked to the bias- and pressure-dependent catalyst-solution interface.

Here the authors apply machine learning approaches to Alzheimer’s genetics, confirm known associations and suggest novel risk loci. These methods demonstrate predictive power comparable to traditional approaches, while also offering potential new insights beyond standard genetic analyses.

Traditional adsorbents of microplastics are limited by their localized action and recycling processes. Here, the authors describe a buoyancy-driven hybrid hydrogel as a self-regulating shuttle, capable of transporting and degrading contaminants without external intervention.

Wireless communication, non-destructive testing and material identification propel the development of the Terahertz frequency region. Here the authors present a fast tunable measurement system with a frequency coverage of 6.5 THz suitable for metrological applications.

Pietro Zambon and colleagues report a new hybrid-pixel detector for 100 keV cryo-electron microscopy. By using a gallium arsenide sensor and a super-resolution algorithm, they achieve high imaging performance, paving the way for more accessible high-resolution structural biology.

The role of rare pathogenic/likely pathogenic (P/LP) germline variants in pediatric central nervous system (CNS) tumour development remains poorly understood. Here, the authors investigate the prevalence and clinical significance of germline P/LP variants in cancer predisposition genes across 830 CNS tumour patients.

The authors demonstrate the detection of ¹H ¹H J-couplings, which are difficult to observe in the solid state, in plastic crystals of camphor using solid state NMR at magic angle spinning rates of 100 kHz and above.

Structural studies of 16 native yeast ribosomal small subunit processome structures provide insights into the mechanisms governing the transformation into a pre-40S particle.

Regrowth of lost enamel in tooth decay and sensitivity is a major obstacle to overcome. Here, the authors report on a protein-based material that mimics features of natural enamel formation, allowing for epitaxial growth of apatite nanocrystals to restore enamel structure and function.

The complex internal structure of magnetic impurities, which locally distort superconductivity, is usually neglected. Here, Choiet al. report that the number and shape of Shiba states are correlated to the spin-polarized atomic orbitals of the impurity, valuable to design atomic-scale superconducting devices.

This work introduces a bilevel optimization framework that discovers optimal reward functions for embodied reinforcement learning agents through a mechanism called regret minimization. The approach accelerates policy optimization and enhances adaptability across diverse tasks.

This Article details the methods used for rigorous assessment of disease interventions in a multicenter preclinical trial. Using stroke models as proof of concept, it offers adaptable protocols for any field requiring robust preclinical validation.

The enzyme ABHD18 is shown to have a key role in cardiolipin metabolism in mitochondria, offering a potential route for a small-molecule treatment of the rare genetic disease Barth syndrome.

JWST has revealed many prolate, filamentary galaxies at z ≈ 3–8. Hydrodynamical simulations reproduce this trend only in warm or wave dark matter models, where smooth filamentary accretion dominates over the hierarchical fragmentation seen with cold dark matter.

Topological superconductivity is a promising concept for generating fault-tolerant qubits. Here, the authors report surface superconductivity at 5 K in a topological semimetal—trigonal PtBi₂.

Cap-independently translated mRNAs could expand the scope of mRNA therapies, but yield limited protein, and existing enhancement strategies are imperfect. Here, the authors install a 5′-end modification that both boosts efficiency and facilitates in-depth characterisation of these mRNAs.

A global network of researchers was formed to investigate the role of human genetics in SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 severity; this paper reports 13 genome-wide significant loci and potentially actionable mechanisms in response to infection.

Myeloperoxidase, a highly expressed neutrophil protein, disassembles nucleosomes, facilitating neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation, and binds stably to NETs extracellularly.

Resonant dispersive wave (RDW) emission enables tunable few-femtosecond UV pulses which can be useful for ultrafast science. Here, the authors investigate ultrafast relaxation and structural evolution of morpholine with enhanced temporal resolution, following excitation via RDWs.

Experiments reveal a speed limit for the spreading of spatial coherence during the formation of a weakly interacting Bose–Einstein condensate.

This study discovers giant negative thermal expansion (volume contraction) in PrMnO₃ above 1000 K, linked to a unique 3D network of elongated chemical bonds, offering a new design strategy for high-temperature volume contraction materials.

Plasma cells (PC) contribute to the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases by secreting autoantibodies. Strategies to target pathogenic PCs are thus required. Here, the authors profile different PC subsets in naïve and lupus-prone mice and report the emergence and expansion of a CD19^– PC subset in diseased mice that could compromise the effectiveness of CD19-targeting therapies.

Dust preserved in Siberian ice wedges reveals shifts in wind patterns during the last glacial stage. Long-range dust transport from China to the Arctic operated under similar mechanisms as today but was blocked during the Last Glacial Maximum.

An all-optical method involving third-harmonic Faraday rotation is used to probe the breaking of time-reversal symmetry in mono- and bilayer transition metal dichalcogenide WS₂.

Application of a nanopore sequencing workflow for real-time analysis of brain tumors results in molecular classification within a 30-minute intraoperative window, followed by comprehensive profiling within 24 hours.

There are many open questions around the mechanism of sex chromosome dosage compensation in birds. In this study, Papanicolaou et al. show that female avian cells upregulate their single Z chromosome via increased transcriptional burst frequency and enhanced translation, revealing parallels with mammalian dosage compensation.

The International Brain Laboratory presents a brain-wide electrophysiological map obtained from pooling data from 12 laboratories that performed the same standardized perceptual decision-making task in mice.

Berger et al. investigate green defaults under varying prices. Using field data from a flight compensation platform, they show that green defaults are effective. Their effectiveness, however, vanishes when costs become too high.

The oxygen reduction reaction requires a significant overpotential, which can limit the efficiency of fuel cells. Here, inspired by enzymes, the authors show that earth-abundant elements, localized in well-organized organic coordination surface networks, can efficiently catalyse oxygen reduction.

PU.1^low CD28-expressing microglia may act as suppressive cells in Alzheimer’s disease, mitigating its progression by reducing neuroinflammation and amyloid plaque load, indicating potential immunotherapeutic approaches for treatment.

How the environment regulates neuronal maturation during brain development is poorly understood. Here, Kreysing et al. identify brain stiffness as a key factor and determine a mechanotransduction pathway linking tissue mechanics to neuronal maturation.

Here, the authors propose that primate-specific transposons facilitated the evolution of inflammatory responses in great apes, with Alus shaping adaptive potential in modern humans.

In cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses of 86,149 participants across 27 European countries, Amoruso, Hernandez and colleagues identify multilingualism as a protective factor against accelerated aging, using biobehavioral age gaps.