Standard-of-care management of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) relies on surgery for low-risk localized disease and systemic treatment for poor-prognosis metastatic tumours, but patients with high-risk localized tumours and with metastatic disease that has a good-to-intermediate prognosis are in a grey area for treatment. In this Review, the authors provide a comprehensive overview of the current knowledge on surgery and systemic treatment in the management of metastatic and localized RCC.
- Alexandre Ingels
- Riccardo Campi
- Alexandre de la Taille
