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A study reports whole-genome sequences for 490,640 participants from the UK Biobank and combines these data with phenotypic data to provide new insights into the relationship between human variation and sequence variation.

Integrated multi-omic analyses using samples from the TRACERx study highlight cross-talk between DNA hypermethylation and genomic lesions in non-small cell lung cancer.

Using operando electrochemical processes, we found a way to restore oxygen-redox active materials exhibiting structural and voltage decay to their pristine state, providing a framework for the design of functional materials with zero thermal expansion.

Immune lymphocyte estimation from nucleotide sequencing (ImmuneLENS) infers B cell and T cell fractions from whole-genome sequencing data. Applied to the 100,000 Genomes Project datasets, circulating T cell fraction provides sex-dependent and prognostic insights in patients.

Innate lymphoid cells (ILC) are instrumental to immediate, local response to pathogens. Here the authors use parabiosis and multiplex 3D imaging to identify a mouse type 3 ILC population that resides in the intravascular space of lung, produces CCL4 for neutrophil recruitment, and protects from Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in mice.

The sensitivity of Li-ion battery materials to moisture complicates their synthesis, storage, processing and recycling. Here, authors show that protonation causes structural instability in LiNi_xCo_yMn_1-x-yO₂ (0 <x,y < 1) and that controlled H⁺ and Li⁺ concentration in aqueous processing is critical.

A free-standing thin-film solid electrolyte (LiPON) shows remarkable mechanical flexibility and the ability to form uniform and dense lithium metal deposition for future solid-state batteries.

Chronic infection with SARS-CoV-2 leads to the emergence of viral variants that show reduced susceptibility to neutralizing antibodies in an immunosuppressed individual treated with convalescent plasma.

Analyses of the TRACERx study unveil the relationship between tissue morphology, the underlying evolutionary genomic landscape, and clinical and anatomical relapse risk of lung adenocarcinomas.

Human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) cells have been used to model disease in specific cell types. Here, the authors develop an automated long-term culturing platform of human iPSC neurons, astrocytes, and microglia and use it to model some cellular aspects of Alzheimer’s disease.

A type I secretion effector, TesG, suppresses host immune response to promote chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection.

The impact of genetic fusions on degrons, which are motifs for ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation, has not been fully explored. Here, the authors analyse fusion genes affecting degrons in pan-cancer genomics data, validate their functional impact and find enrichment for both internal and C-terminal degron losses.

A global network of researchers was formed to investigate the role of human genetics in SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 severity; this paper reports 13 genome-wide significant loci and potentially actionable mechanisms in response to infection.

Genomic analyses in a rapid autopsy cohort study of patients with melanoma identify the genetic and transcriptomic landscape of melanoma with acquired resistance to MAPK inhibitor and immune checkpoint blockade therapies, providing insights for the potential improvement of therapeutic strategies.

Swanton and colleagues present a clonal expression signature, ORACLE, which, in combination with clinicopathological and molecular risk factors, can predict survival of patients with lung adenocarcinoma, and they prospectively validate its prognostic value.

Oxygen activity can play a vital role in determining charge transport properties of materials. Here, the authors demonstrate a method to create oxygen vacancies on layered oxides via a gas-solid interface reaction, leading to materials with enhanced energy and power densities for Li-ion batteries.

More transparent protocol reporting and comprehensive battery cell data are needed. Twenty-one research groups joined forces to assess solid-state battery performance and found considerable differences in assembly protocols that cause variable results.

A longitudinal evolutionary analysis of 126 lung cancer patients with metastatic disease reveals the timing of metastatic divergence, modes of dissemination and the genomic events subject to selection during the metastatic transition.

Patient-derived xenografts are important tools for cancer drug development. Here, the authors develop models from 22 non-small cell lung cancer patients. They show genomic differences between models created from different spatial regions of tumours and a bottleneck on model establishment.

Analyses of multiregional tumour samples from 421 patients with non-small cell lung cancer prospectively enrolled to the TRACERx study reveal determinants of tumour evolution and relationships between intratumour heterogeneity and clinical outcome.

Chronic infection with the bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa often leads to coexistence of heterogeneous bacterial populations carrying diverse mutations. Here, Zhao et al. use genetic and multi-omics functional analyses to shed light on the multistage evolution of bacterial populations in the lungs of chronically infected patients.

Ray Ming, Robert Paull, Qingyi Yu and colleagues report the genome sequences of two cultivated pineapple varieties and one wild pineapple relative. Their analysis supports the use of the pineapple as a reference genome for monocot comparative genomics and provides insight into the evolution of crassulacean acid metabolism photosynthesis.

The blood-brain barrier is critical for neural function. Here, the authors show that efflux of xenobiotics through the BBB follows a circadian rhythm in mice and human cells.

Layered Na_xMnO₂ cathode suffers from structural instability and sluggish kinetics. Here the authors show a method to yield monoclinic NaMn_2−y−δ(OH)_2y, a new polymorph of Na-birnessite with maximum Na occupancy and enlarged interlayer spacing, enabling outstanding cyclability and rate performance.

This overview of the ENCODE project outlines the data accumulated so far, revealing that 80% of the human genome now has at least one biochemical function assigned to it; the newly identified functional elements should aid the interpretation of results of genome-wide association studies, as many correspond to sites of association with human disease.

The role of MYC in transcriptional reprogramming in prostate cancer remains poorly characterized. Here, MYC overexpression antagonizes the canonical AR transcriptional program leading to prostate tumor initiation and progression by disrupting transcriptional pause release at AR-regulated genes.

Bahmani, Cha, Alavi, Dixit et al. evaluate an AI-facilitated precision medicine learning platform they built, Stanford Data Ocean. The platform, which provided 3594 costfree certification accesses across 93 countries, demonstrates positive training outcomes across bioinformatics topics for low and middle income learners.

The authors identify naturally occurring senescent glia in aged Drosophila brains and decipher their origin and influence, determining that they can appear in response to neuronal mitochondrial dysfunction and that they promote lipid accumulation, indicating that these cells link key ageing phenomena.

Studying the genetic progression of many cancers is difficult as longitudinal samples are rarely available. Here, the authors analyse a patient with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia over a 29 year period and track the clonal evolution of the patient’s disease and response to therapy.

STAAR is a powerful rare variant association test that incorporates variant functional categories and complementary functional annotations using a dynamic weighting scheme based on annotation principal components. STAAR accounts for population structure and relatedness and is scalable for analyzing large whole-genome sequencing studies.

Efficient oxygen evolution relies on the development of promising catalysts. Herein, the authors demonstrate that cobalt tetrahedra, stabilized over the surface of YBCo₄O₇ material, can catalyze oxygen evolution reaction efficiently.

Gao et al. uncover p300-induced acetylation and HDAC2-mediated deacetylation of PD-L1, which modulate its nuclear translocation to affect the expression of immune genes and the efficacy of anti-PD-1 therapy.

Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) loss of heterozygosity, allele-specific mutation and measurement of expression and repression (MHC Hammer) detects disruption to human leukocyte antigens due to mutations, loss of heterogeneity, altered gene expression or alternative splicing. Applied to lung and breast cancer datasets, the tool shows that these aberrations are common across cancer and can have clinical implications.

The authors analyze how sequencing depth, choice of control sample, paired-end versus single-end reads and the selection of peak-calling algorithm influence the interpretation of chromatin immunoprecipitation–sequencing (ChIP-seq) experiments.

Results of the TRACERx study shed new light into the association between body composition and body weight with survival in individuals with non-small cell lung cancer, and delineate potential biological processes and mediators contributing to the development of cancer-associated cachexia.

Genome-wide CRISPR screens in mouse cancer cell lines are used to identify a core, conserved set of genes and pathways that govern how cancer cells evade killing by cytotoxic T lymphocytes.

Post-international travel quarantine has been widely implemented to mitigate SARS-CoV-2 transmission, but the impacts of such policies are unclear. Here, the authors used linked genomic and contact tracing data to assess the impacts of a 14-day quarantine on return to England in summer 2020.

Li electrodeposition is a fundamental process in Li metal batteries and its reversibility is crucial for battery operation. The authors investigate the effects of stack pressure on Li deposition and associated processes and discuss strategies for achieving dense Li deposits and practical Li metal batteries.

Myles Brown and colleagues analyze chromatin organization of androgen receptor-responsive transcriptional enhancers in a prostate cancer cell line. The authors develop a model to identify other genomic regions showing similar dynamic changes in chromatin structure, and identify other transcription factors that are involved in cellular responses to androgen.

Analyses of data from high-throughput genomic technologies are challenging given large data dimensionality. Here, Liu and colleagues describe a method called MANCIE (Matrix Analysis and Normalization by Concordant Information Enhancement) that can conduct genomic data normalization and bias correction to detect biologically relevant information.

Mixed responses to targeted therapy within a patient are a clinical challenge. Here the authors show that TP53 loss-of-function cooperates with whole genome doubling which increases chromosomal instability. This leads to greater cellular diversity and multiple routes of resistance, which in turn promotes mixed responses to treatment.

ENCODE is a resource comprising thousands of functional genomic datasets. Here, the authors present custom annotation within ENCODE for cancer, highlighting a workflow that can help prioritise key elements in oncogenesis.

A multi-omic atlas of breast cancers, integrating single-cell RNA sequencing, spatial transcriptomics and immunophenotyping, identifies nine ecotypes associated with cellular heterogeneity and prognosis.

The Omicron variant evades vaccine-induced neutralization but also fails to form syncytia, shows reduced replication in human lung cells and preferentially uses a TMPRSS2-independent cell entry pathway, which may contribute to enhanced replication in cells of the upper airway. Altered fusion and cell entry characteristics are linked to distinct regions of the Omicron spike protein.

Openshaw and colleagues find myeloid inflammation and complement activation signatures in patients with long COVID who were previously hospitalized.

Ni et al. report that Snail1 promotes mammary tumour initiation and maintenance independently of its role in EMT. They show that Snail1 forms a complex with HDAC1 and p53 that results in p53 inactivation and degradation, permitting tumour formation.

Kueh, Rothenberg and colleagues describe distinct, asynchronous and stage-specific mechanisms of T cell commitment mediated by the transcription factors Notch, TCF-1, GATA-3 and Runx1.