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Reverse mutational scanning of SARS-CoV-2 spike BA.2.86 identifies epitopes contributing to immune escape from polyclonal sera

SARS-CoV-2 Omicron lineage BA.2.86 has over 30 mutations compared to the parental BA.2 lineage. Here Bdeir and colleagues apply reverse mutational scanning to determine which among these mutations present in Omicron BA.2.86 are epitopes linked to immune escape from antibody recognition.

Najat Bdeir
Tatjana Lüddecke
Luka Čičin-Šain
ResearchOpen Access18 Jan 2025
Nature Communications

Volume: 16, P: 1-13
Spike residue 403 affects binding of coronavirus spikes to human ACE2

The bat sarbecovirus RaTG13 is a close relative of SARS-CoV-2, but its spike protein doesn’t efficiently bind human ACE2. Here, the authors show that exchange of spike residue 403 between RaTG13 and SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins affects binding to human ACE2 and entry of pseudotyped viruses.

Fabian Zech
Daniel Schniertshauer
Frank Kirchhoff
ResearchOpen Access25 Nov 2021
Nature Communications

Volume: 12, P: 1-10
Simulations and active learning enable efficient identification of an experimentally-validated broad coronavirus inhibitor

Approaches making virtual and experimental screening more resource-efficient are vital for identifying effective inhibitors from a vast pool of potential drugs but remain elusive. Here, the authors address this issue by developing an active learning framework leveraging high-throughput molecular dynamics simulations to identify potential inhibitors for therapeutic applications.

Katarina Elez
Tim Hempel
Frank Noé
ResearchOpen Access29 Jul 2025
Nature Communications

Volume: 16, P: 1-12
Chloroquine does not inhibit infection of human lung cells with SARS-CoV-2

Expression of TMPRSS2—a protease that activates SARS-CoV-2 for entry into cells—renders SARS-CoV-2 insensitive to chloroquine.

Markus Hoffmann
Kirstin Mösbauer
Stefan Pöhlmann
Research22 Jul 2020
Nature

Volume: 585, P: 588-590
Filamentous fungus-produced human monoclonal antibody provides protection against SARS-CoV-2 in hamster and non-human primate models

The filamentous fungus expression system Thermothelomyces heterothallica (C1) is a protein expression system that may be useful for large scale antibody production. Here the authors characterise the production of a human monoclonal antibody that neutralises SARS-CoV-2 and compare functional properties in vitro and in animal models to antibodies produced using other methods.

Franziska K. Kaiser
Mariana Gonzalez Hernandez
Albert D.M.E. Osterhaus
ResearchOpen Access14 Mar 2024
Nature Communications

Volume: 15, P: 1-14
Functional comparison of MERS-coronavirus lineages reveals increased replicative fitness of the recombinant lineage 5

MERS-CoV is enzootic in dromedary camels, can spread to humans but undergoes limited onward transmission. Here, Schroeder et al. compare clinical isolates of MERS-CoV in vitro and show that the predominantly circulating recombinant lineage 5 possess a fitness advantage over parental lineage 3 and 4 due to reduced activation of innate immune signaling.

Simon Schroeder
Christin Mache
Christian Drosten
ResearchOpen Access07 Sept 2021
Nature Communications

Volume: 12, P: 1-13
Omicron subvariant BA.5 efficiently infects lung cells

The Omicron variant is partially attenuated, likely because it fails to efficiently infect lung cells. Here, Hoffmann et. al. show that this defect can be lost during Omicron evolution as demonstrated for the subvariant BA.5 that robustly infects lung cells in vitro and in vivo.

Markus Hoffmann
Lok-Yin Roy Wong
Stefan Pöhlmann
ResearchOpen Access13 Jun 2023
Nature Communications

Volume: 14, P: 1-11
LY6E impairs coronavirus fusion and confers immune control of viral disease

Here, the authors identify lymphocyte antigen 6E (LY6E) as a coronavirus (CoV) restriction factor that prevents infection of B cells and dendritic cells. LY6E inhibits both human and mouse CoV entry into cells by interfering with viral spike protein-mediated membrane fusion. It facilitates an antiviral immune response that prevents liver disease and reduces death in the mouse model of MHV-A59 CoV infection.

Stephanie Pfaender
Katrina B. Mar
Volker Thiel
Research23 Jul 2020
Nature Microbiology

Volume: 5, P: 1330-1339
Phosphatidylserine-exposing extracellular vesicles in body fluids are an innate defence against apoptotic mimicry viral pathogens

Phosphatidylserine-exposing extracellular vesicles in body fluids can inhibit infection of viruses that use viral apoptotic mimicry for infection, but not viruses that use other entry mechanisms.

Rüdiger Groß
Hanna Reßin
Janis A. Müller
ResearchOpen Access25 Mar 2024
Nature Microbiology

Volume: 9, P: 905-921
BNT162b2-boosted immune responses six months after heterologous or homologous ChAdOx1nCoV-19/BNT162b2 vaccination against COVID-19

Vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 have changed the course of the COVID-19 pandemics, but waning immunity necessitates repeated immunization. Authors here show that immunity declines faster following two doses of vector-based vaccine compared to a first dose of vector-based vaccine followed by boosting with an mRNA vaccine, but application of an mRNA vaccine as a third dose minimises the difference between the two groups.

Georg M. N. Behrens
Joana Barros-Martins
Reinhold Förster
ResearchOpen Access18 Aug 2022
Nature Communications

Volume: 13, P: 1-10
Alpha-1 antitrypsin inhibits TMPRSS2 protease activity and SARS-CoV-2 infection

Here, via screening of a polypeptide library from bronchoalveolar lavage, the authors identify and characterize α₁-antitrypsin (α₁AT) as SARS-CoV-2 inhibitor and show that α₁AT binds and inactivates the serine protease TMPRSS2, which enzymatically primes the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein for membrane fusion.

Lukas Wettstein
Tatjana Weil
Jan Münch
ResearchOpen Access19 Mar 2021
Nature Communications

Volume: 12, P: 1-10
Protective mucosal immunity against SARS-CoV-2 after heterologous systemic prime-mucosal boost immunization

While current COVID-19 vaccines provide certain protection, more effective vaccination strategies are still desirable. Here the authors show, using mouse vaccination models, that priming with a systemic mRNA and boosting with an intranasal adenoviral vector vaccine induces comprehensive T cell and mucosal immunity.

Dennis Lapuente
Jana Fuchs
Matthias Tenbusch
ResearchOpen Access26 Nov 2021
Nature Communications

Volume: 12, P: 1-14
Calcium-modulating cyclophilin ligand does not restrict retrovirus release

Annika Kühl
Jan Münch
Stefan Pöhlmann
Correspondence01 Feb 2010
Nature Medicine

Volume: 16, P: 155-156
Diversity of receptors binding HIV on dendritic cell subsets

Stuart G. Turville
Paul U. Cameron
Anthony L. Cunningham
Research23 Sept 2002
Nature Immunology

Volume: 3, P: 975-983
How SARS-CoV-2 makes the cut

The spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 harbours a cleavage motif for host cell proteases that is not found in closely related viruses. Peacock and colleagues show that this motif allows the virus to evade innate antiviral defences and is required for transmission.

Markus Hoffmann
Stefan Pöhlmann
News & Views30 Jun 2021
Nature Microbiology

Volume: 6, P: 828-829
Immune responses against SARS-CoV-2 variants after heterologous and homologous ChAdOx1 nCoV-19/BNT162b2 vaccination

In a study of healthcare professionals previously vaccinated with ChAdOx-1 nCoV-19, booster vaccination with BNT162b2 elicited more neutralizing antibodies with greater breadth, as well as higher frequencies of virus-specific T cells, than ChAdOx-1 nCoV-19.

Joana Barros-Martins
Swantje I. Hammerschmidt
Georg M. N. Behrens
ResearchOpen Access14 Jul 2021
Nature Medicine

Volume: 27, P: 1525-1529
Semisynthetic teicoplanin derivatives with dual antimicrobial activity against SARS-CoV-2 and multiresistant bacteria

Ilona Bereczki
Vladimir Vimberg
Anikó Borbás
ResearchOpen Access26 Sept 2022
Scientific Reports

Volume: 12, P: 1-15
Evidence that two instead of one defective interfering RNA in influenza A virus-derived defective interfering particles (DIPs) does not enhance antiviral activity

Najat Bdeir
Prerna Arora
Michael Winkler
ResearchOpen Access14 Oct 2021
Scientific Reports

Volume: 11, P: 1-10
Publisher Correction: Dalbavancin: novel candidate for COVID-19 treatment

Markus Hoffmann
Yeonhwa Jin
Stefan Pöhlmann
Amendments and CorrectionsOpen Access01 Sept 2022
Cell Research

P: 1
Diminished neutralization responses towards SARS-CoV-2 Omicron VoC after mRNA or vector-based COVID-19 vaccinations

Henning Jacobsen
Monika Strengert
Luka Cicin-Sain
ResearchOpen Access18 Nov 2022
Scientific Reports

Volume: 12, P: 1-11
Peptidomimetic inhibitors of TMPRSS2 block SARS-CoV-2 infection in cell culture

This study describes the development and characterization of peptidomimetic inhibitors of TMPRSS2, which primes the Spike protein of SARS-CoV-2. The inhibitors are shown to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection in cells as efficiently as camostat mesylate.

Lukas Wettstein
Philip Maximilian Knaff
Volker Mailänder
ResearchOpen Access08 Jul 2022
Communications Biology

Volume: 5, P: 1-12
MCMV-based vaccine vectors expressing full-length viral proteins provide long-term humoral immune protection upon a single-shot vaccination

Yeonsu Kim
Xiaoyan Zheng
Luka Čičin-Šain
ResearchOpen Access07 Jan 2022
Cellular & Molecular Immunology

Volume: 19, P: 234-244
Low serum neutralizing anti-SARS-CoV-2 S antibody levels in mildly affected COVID-19 convalescent patients revealed by two different detection methods

Berislav Bošnjak
Saskia Catherina Stein
Reinhold Förster
ResearchOpen Access02 Nov 2020
Cellular & Molecular Immunology

Volume: 18, P: 936-944
Functional analysis of potential cleavage sites in the MERS-coronavirus spike protein

Hannah Kleine-Weber
Mahmoud Tarek Elzayat
Stefan Pöhlmann
ResearchOpen Access09 Nov 2018
Scientific Reports

Volume: 8, P: 1-11
Outcome and toxicity analysis of single dose stereotactic radiosurgery in vestibular schwannoma based on the Koos grading system

Daniel Rueß
Lea Pöhlmann
Maximillian Ruge
ResearchOpen Access09 Jun 2020
Scientific Reports

Volume: 10, P: 1-9
Omicron: Master of immune evasion maintains robust ACE2 binding

Markus Hoffmann
Lu Zhang
Stefan Pöhlmann
Research HighlightsOpen Access07 Apr 2022
Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy

Volume: 7, P: 1-3
Mutation D614G increases SARS-CoV-2 transmission

Prerna Arora
Stefan Pöhlmann
Markus Hoffmann
Research HighlightsOpen Access01 Mar 2021
Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy

Volume: 6, P: 1-2
Host cell entry and neutralisation sensitivity of the SARS-CoV-2 XBB.1.16 lineage

Inga Nehlmeier
Amy Kempf
Markus Hoffmann
CorrespondenceOpen Access08 May 2023
Cellular & Molecular Immunology

Volume: 20, P: 969-971
Profound neutralization evasion and augmented host cell entry are hallmarks of the fast-spreading SARS-CoV-2 lineage XBB.1.5

Markus Hoffmann
Prerna Arora
Stefan Pöhlmann
CorrespondenceOpen Access03 Mar 2023
Cellular & Molecular Immunology

Volume: 20, P: 419-422
No evidence for increased cell entry or antibody evasion by Delta sublineage AY.4.2

Prerna Arora
Amy Kempf
Markus Hoffmann
CorrespondenceOpen Access05 Jan 2022
Cellular & Molecular Immunology

Volume: 19, P: 449-452
Efficient antibody evasion but reduced ACE2 binding by the emerging SARS-CoV-2 variant B.1.640.2

Prerna Arora
Amy Kempf
Markus Hoffmann
CorrespondenceOpen Access17 May 2022
Cellular & Molecular Immunology

Volume: 19, P: 1067-1069
Neutralization of the SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant after heterologous and homologous BNT162b2 or ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccination

Swantje I. Hammerschmidt
Berislav Bosnjak
Reinhold Förster
CorrespondenceOpen Access23 Aug 2021
Cellular & Molecular Immunology

Volume: 18, P: 2455-2456
The spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 variant A.30 is heavily mutated and evades vaccine-induced antibodies with high efficiency

Prerna Arora
Cheila Rocha
Markus Hoffmann
CorrespondenceOpen Access25 Oct 2021
Cellular & Molecular Immunology

Volume: 18, P: 2673-2675
Delta variant (B.1.617.2) sublineages do not show increased neutralization resistance

Prerna Arora
Amy Kempf
Markus Hoffmann
CorrespondenceOpen Access11 Oct 2021
Cellular & Molecular Immunology

Volume: 18, P: 2557-2559
Dalbavancin: novel candidate for COVID-19 treatment

Markus Hoffmann
Yeonhwa Jin
Stefan Pöhlmann
Research HighlightsOpen Access20 Jan 2021
Cell Research

Volume: 31, P: 243-244
Novel SARS-CoV-2 receptors: ASGR1 and KREMEN1

Markus Hoffmann
Stefan Pöhlmann
Research Highlights13 Dec 2021
Cell Research

Volume: 32, P: 1-2

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