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A large brain imaging study of over 2000 people worldwide shows that fear conditioning engages brain regions linked to emotion and attention, with differences in individuals with anxiety or depression and strong influences from task design.

LaccID, an engineered laccase, enables hydrogen-peroxide-free proximity labeling and electron microscopy (EM) in mammalian cells. Notably, LaccID is selectively active at the cell surface, enabling the mapping of the dynamic T cell–tumor surfaceome and its use as a genetically encodable EM tag, expanding the toolkit for cell-based imaging and proteomics.

Phase estimation is an important element of quantum metrology, but the influence of noise cannot always be well characterized. Vidrighin et al.analyse and experimentally demonstrate methods providing simultaneous estimation of a phase shift and the amplitude of phase diffusion at the quantum limit.

A high-bandwidth neuromotor interface offers performant out-of-the-box generalization across people.

A scalable barcoding method measures multiple chromatin-associated proteins in single cells.

UM171 promotes corepressor degradation by acting as a molecular glue to induce KBTBD4–HDAC1/2 interactions with the help of inositol hexakisphosphate.

The Grignard reaction represents one of the most powerful carbon-carbon bond forming reactions and is the subject of continual study. Here, the authors report a halide effect on the diastereoselectivity of 1,2-addition reactions to β-hydroxy ketones involving Grignard reagents, serving as a foundation for the rapid production of C4’-modified nucleosides with diversifiable positions at the nucleobase and C4’.

Patient samples are often available in limited amounts, restricting the number of possible omics analyses. Here the authors present MONTE, a workflow that enables serial HLA-I and HLA-II immunopeptidome, ubiquitylome, proteome, phosphoproteome, and acetylome data collection from patient samples.

Direct quantum state tomography—deducing the state of a system from measurements—is mostly unfeasible due to the exponential scaling of measurement number with system size. The authors present two new schemes, which scale linearly in this respect, and can be applied to a wide range of quantum states.

Human embryonic stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hESC-CM) are a widely used model to study cardiac genomics. Here, Choy et al. perform promoter capture Hi-C to map long-range chromosomal interactions of hESC-CMs and to study overlap of such regions with genetic loci associated with cardiac phenotypes.

The light-sensitive LOV domain was engineered into the TurboID enzyme, creating ‘LOV-Turbo’. LOV-Turbo enables optogenetic control over proximity labeling, increasing the spatiotemporal precision of this technique.

The biological mechanisms of rehabilitation after stroke are not fully understood. Here authors identify parvalbumin interneurons as a key mediator of rehabilitation-induced stroke recovery and a drug targeting these neurons as a potential therapy.

Growing evidence suggests that immune dysregulation is involved in the pathogenesis of myelodysplastic syndromes (MDSs). Glimcher and colleagues report haplosufficiency of the serine–threonine kinase RIOK2 leads to increased IL-22 production that, in turn, suppresses erythropoiesis. Blocking IL-22 rescues this defect in mice, suggesting that IL-22 blockade might be of therapeutic value in treating MDSs.

PPM1D is a known mediator of p53 signalling, and has been linked to treatment resistance in glioma. In this work, the authors utilise genomics, proteomics, and mouse models to determine the role of PPM1D in the development of diffuse midline glioma.

Ghosh et al. report findings showing that the atypical kinase RIOK2 functions as a winged helix-turn-helix domain containing transcription factor that regulates the differentiation of human hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells toward erythroid, myeloid and megakaryocytic lineages. RIOK2 enhances GATA1 and KLF1 expression, while suppressing other transcription factors like RUNX3, SPI1 and GATA2.

This Perspective article proposes a neurodynamical model of intuition as a fast, embodied pathfinding mechanism shaped by evolution. Drawing on the free-energy principle and metastability, it explores how the brain predicts, feels, and acts through dynamic coordination.

Paul Pharoah and colleagues report the results of a large genome-wide association study of ovarian cancer. They identify new susceptibility loci for different epithelial ovarian cancer histotypes and use integrated analyses of genes and regulatory features at each locus to predict candidate susceptibility genes, including OBFC1.

Stig Bojesen, Georgia Chenevix-Trench, Alison Dunning and colleagues report common variants at the TERT-CLPTM1L locus associated with mean telomere length measured in whole blood. They also identify associations at this locus to breast or ovarian cancer susceptibility and report functional studies in breast and ovarian cancer tissue and cell lines.

Data from over 700,000 individuals reveal the identity of 83 sequence variants that affect human height, implicating new candidate genes and pathways as being involved in growth.

Most confirmed susceptibility variants for epithelial ovarian cancer lie in non-protein-coding sequences. Here Permuth-Wey and colleagues investigate variants in 3′ untranslated regions (UTRs) and uncover a new susceptibility locus.

Exome-wide analysis identifies rare and low-frequency coding variants associated with body mass index. Gene-based meta-analysis and functional studies implicate 13 genes, eight of which are novel, and neuronal pathways as factors in human obesity.

Genome-wide association studies have identified regions which confer risk of high-grade serous epithelial ovarian cancer. Here the authors use expression quantitative train locus analysis to identify candidate genes and functionally characterise them, identifying a role for HOXD9 in ovarian cancer.

Paul Pharoah, Joellen Schildkraut, Thomas Sellers and colleagues report a meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies for epithelial ovarian cancer and genotyping using the iCOGS array in 18,174 cases and 26,134 controls from 43 studies from the Ovarian Cancer Association Consortium. They identify three new ovarian cancer susceptibility loci, including one specific to the serous subtype, and their integrated molecular analysis of genes and regulatory regions at these loci suggests disease mechanisms.

Understanding the resistance of natural hosts of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)—such as sooty mangabeys—to disease progression may yield insights applicable to HIV-1. In this issue, Paiardini et al. report that CD4⁺ central memory T (T_CM) cells from sooty mangabeys do not strongly upregulate CCR5 upon activation and are more resistant to SIV infection than T_CM cells from rhesus macaques, which may contribute to proper immune control and prevention of disease in these natural hosts.

HNF1B is overexpressed in the clear cell subtype and epigenetically silenced in the serous subtype of ovarian cancer. Pearce and colleagues now show that genetic variants in HNF1B are differentially associated with risks of developing these two cancer subtypes, possibly through an epigenetic mechanism.

The structure of the yeast nuclear pore complex, determined at sub-nanometre precision using an integrative approach that combines a wide range of data, reveals details of its architecture, transport mechanism and evolutionary origins.

This review explores how stroke induces changes in gene expression, cell behavior and brain networks, offering insights into recovery. It highlights strategies to enhance cellular reprogramming and brain network reorganization for improved outcomes.

A benchtop system for protein synthesis achieves purity and potency comparable to those of marketed drugs.

By analysing data from more than 4,500 9- to 10-year-olds, Dick et al. found no evidence that bilingual children have an advantage in executive functions, the cognitive abilities that are central to the voluntary control of thoughts and behaviours.

Georgia Chenevix-Trench and colleagues report meta-analyses of genome-wide association studies identifying six loci newly associated with epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). They also test variants at the 12 known and 6 new EOC susceptibility loci for association in BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers.

Mimicry, deception and sensory exploitation of animals by plants is controversial, especially for seed dispersal. A field experiment in a South African nature reserve suggests that the large brown, round, strongly scented seeds of Ceratocaryum argenteum that emit many volatiles found to be present in herbivore dung, attract dung beetles that roll and bury them.

Simon Gayther and colleagues report 3 new risk variants for mucinous ovarian carcinoma (MOC) on the basis of an analysis of 1,644 MOC cases and 21,693 controls. They confirm an eQTL association between the HOXD9 promoter and risk SNPs at 2q31.1 using chromosome conformation capture analysis and show that HOXD9 overexpression associates with neoplastic transformation.

Chemical cross-linking MS and supporting biochemical and genetic analyses reveal the architecture of the yeast Core Factor complex and suggest how it directs transcription of RNA Pol I at rDNA promoters.

Paul Pharoah and colleagues report a genome-wide association study for survival time after diagnosis of epithelial ovarian cancer and a parallel analysis of susceptibility to epithelial ovarian cancer. They identified two SNPs at 19p13.11 that associated with susceptibility to the serous subtype of epithelial ovarian cancer.