Baek et al. report the formation of a discrete island–convex dome morphology in perovskite by solvent engineering to improve the outcoupling efficiency in NIR LEDs. 2D/3D heterostructures are constructed to further increase the efficiency to 31.4% with a peak radiance of 929 W sr−1 m−2 at 798 nm.
- Sung-Doo Baek
- Wenhao Shao
- Letian Dou