Search

Whole-genome sequencing of human cancer cells in patient-derived mouse xenograft models indicates a key role for TP53 in determining the fitness landscape of polyclonal cancer cell populations.

The measurement of the total cross-section of proton–proton collisions is of fundamental importance for particle physics. Here, the first measurement of the inelastic cross-section is presented for proton–proton collisions at an energy of 7 teraelectronvolts using the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider.

Kathryn Lunetta and colleagues report a meta-analysis of 22 genome-wide association studies for age at menopause. They identify 13 loci newly associated with age at natural menopause, including several candidate genes with roles in DNA repair and immune function.

In this work, Meisenheimer et al. use careful epitaxial growth of FeGa thin films to achieve a metastable state with remarkably high magetostrictive coefficients. Materials with strong magnetostrictive properties are vital components in magnetoelectric multiferroic heterostructures, with considerable potential for use a variety of technologies.

The spatial organization of the genome within the nucleus impacts many processes. Here the authors combine oligo-based DNA FISH with single-molecule super-resolution microscopy to image single-copy genomic regions and, taking advantage of SNPs, distinguish allelic regions of homologous chromosomes.

Dipterocarp trees are iconic but severely threatened species in Asian rainforests. This study assembles high-quality genomes of seven dipterocarp species to reveal the molecular basis of key adaptations and identifies a recent sharp population decline coinciding with local human activity.

A catalogue of the vascular flora of New Guinea indicates that this island is the most floristically diverse in the world, and that 68% of the species identified are endemic to New Guinea.

Photoacoustic imaging offers higher spatial resolution than most optical imaging techniques, but contrast agents are needed because many diseases in their early stages do not display a natural photoacoustic contrast. Using single-walled carbon nanotubes conjugated with a peptide as a contrast agent allows the non-invasive photoacoustic imaging of tumours in animals.

DNA replication processes are often dysregulated in cancer. Here the authors analyse DNA synthesis patterns in cancer cells undergoing partial genome re-replication to reveal that re-replication exhibits aberrant replication fork dynamics and a skewed distribution of replication initiation that over-duplicates early-replicating genomic regions.

Whole-genome sequencing of chronic lymphocytic leukemia from 485 patients identifies putative coding and noncoding drivers of disease. Genomically defined subgroups show distinct clinical and biological characteristics.

Bodenmiller and colleagues pair imaging mass cytometry with data from the METABRIC cohort to define single-cell phenotypic and genomic features of breast cancer with spatial context, finding associations with breast cancer subtypes and prognosis.

Aifantis and colleagues identify the E3 ubiquitin ligase SPOP as a negative regulator of ‘emergency hematopoiesis’ in bone marrow hematopoietic stem progenitor cells.

A modern-like South Asian Monsoon only appeared when East African and Middle Eastern uplift led to the establishment of the Somali Jet around 13 million years ago, according to Earth system modelling using a range of regional palaeogeographies.

In the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe RNA interference (RNAi) machinery promotes heterochromatin assembly and silencing of centromeric repeats; here it is shown that RNAi participates in silencing other genomic regions, such as sexual differentiation genes and retrotransposons, and this process is regulated by developmental and environmental signals.

Human embryonic stem cells can be differentiated in vitro into primordial germ cell-like cells (PGCLCs) that resemble early primordial germ cells (PGCs). Here the authors transplant PGCLCs generated from rhesus macaque iPSCs into mouse and rhesus macaque seminiferous tubules, which matures these into late PGCs and spermatogonia-like cells.

Single-cell whole-genome sequencing shows that 'foreground' cell-to-cell structural variation and alterations in copy number are associated with genomic diversity and evolution in triple-negative breast and high-grade serous ovarian cancers.

The heterogeneity of breast cancer has a major role in drug response and resistance. In this study, the authors use patient-derived tumour xenografts as a platform for drug testing and correlation with single-cell proteomic phenotypes characterized by mass cytometry.

Durability of catalysts under fuel cell reaction conditions is challenging for active nanoalloy electrocatalysts derived from platinum group metals and other transition metals. Here, the authors show that realloying in certain multimetallic nanoalloys plays a major role in enabling the high durability.

The One Thousand Plant Transcriptomes Initiative provides a robust phylogenomic framework for examining green plant evolution that comprises the transcriptomes and genomes of diverse species of green plants.

Proposals for quantum radars have suggested that in noisy environments there may be a benefit in sensing using quantum microwaves. A superconducting circuit experiment has now confirmed an advantage exists under appropriate conditions.

'Spaghetti monster' fluorescent proteins combine the power of conventional fluorescent proteins with the benefits of commonly used epitopes. These probes are demonstrated to be extremely versatile in diverse imaging applications.

Large three-dimensional images are commonly generated through biological experimentation. Here the authors report software tools for exploration of three-dimensional images along with applications to assist in imaging, microsurgery, visualization and annotation of large image data sets.

Insight-HXMT detected a double-peaked X-ray burst from Galactic magnetar SGR J1935+2154, consistent with two fast radio bursts (FRBs) observed from the same object within seconds. This coincidence suggests a common physical origin, and gives insight into the mechanism behind the origin of FRBs.

Winter warming in the Arctic will increase the CO₂ flux from soils. A pan-Arctic analysis shows a current loss of 1,662 TgC per year over the winter, exceeding estimated carbon uptake in the growing season; projections suggest a 17% increase under RCP 4.5 and a 41% increase under RCP 8.5 by 2100.

The Human Cell Atlas (HCA) aims to characterize cells from diverse individuals across the globe to better understand human biology. Here, the authors lay out principles and action items that have been adopted to affirm HCA’s commitment to equity so that the atlas is beneficial to all of humanity.

This Review discusses emerging applications of photonic quantum sensing. The theoretical and experimental developments of quantum reading of classical data, quantum illumination of targets, and optical resolution beyond the Rayleigh limit are described.

A quantitative characterization of the switching properties of 26 organic dyes relates these properties to the quality of localization-based super-resolution images they generate. The data are a useful resource for selecting dyes and point to avenues for future analysis.

Bodenmiller and colleagues present a method for three-dimensional analysis of tissue architecture using imaging mass cytometry and demonstrate the utility in resolving cellular interactions in the tumor microenvironment, in human breast cancer samples.

The decay asymmetry and helicity phase of polarized baryon–antibaryon pairs are measured at the BESIII experiment, testing charge–parity symmetry and revealing a discrepancy of the Λ → pπ⁻ decay asymmetry with respect to the current world average.