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Transcriptomic analyses of acute phase whole blood from a large cohort of patients with COVID-19 identify molecular determinants of post-infection long-term sequelae.

Widespread shallow-water hydrothermal venting in the North Atlantic, probably a source of methane, coincided with the onset of the Palaeocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum, according to borehole proxy records and seismic imaging.

Multi-ancestry genome-wide association analyses identify new risk loci for Parkinson’s disease, and fine-mapping and co-localization analyses implicate candidate genes whose expression is associated with disease susceptibility.

Using a multi-OMICS approach, Haas et al identify 54 human genes and 16 host-targeting chemical compounds that regulate influenza A virus infection in lung epithelial cells, including AHNAK and COBP1 which are also essential for SARS-CoV-2 infection.

A dataset of coding variation, derived from exome sequencing of nearly one million individuals from a range of ancestries, provides insight into rare variants and could accelerate the discovery of disease-associated genes and advance precision medicine efforts.

Obesity changes the characteristics of the immune response induced in a mouse model of atopic dermatitis, suggesting therapies that could be used against immune dysregulation in obesity.

Although Trojan asteroids have been known for decades in other Solar System planets, only one Earth Trojan asteroid was detected. Here, the authors show that recently discovered 2020 XL₅ is the second transient Earth Trojan asteroid.

Here the authors demonstrate how protein translation, controlled by Ire1α, regulates neuronal diversification in the developing neocortex.

3D tank experiments show that helicoidal flows and near-seafloor secondary flows are essential for developing a moat-drift contourite system and suggest that natural contourite morphologies can be used for paleoflow reconstructions

New agonists of the serotonin 5-HT_2A receptor (5-HT_2AR) confer high brain permeability and antidepressant activity and—in contrast to classic 5-HT_2AR agonists—lack psychedelic activity.

This study presents the first annual update of the indicator framework developed by the Food Systems Countdown Initiative, published in Nature Food in 2023. Almost half of all indicators show some desirable trends. Governance and resilience indicators were revealed as the most connected across themes, constituting entry points for transformative change.

Conventional refractive elements are bulky, thick and offer limited active tunability. Here, the authors demonstrate MEMS-based tunable metasurface doublets with more than 60 diopters change in the optical power upon a 1-micron movement of a membrane with one of the metasurface elements.

Ten years after the discovery of the Higgs boson, the ATLAS  experiment at CERN probes its kinematic properties with a significantly larger dataset from 2015–2018 and provides further insights on its interaction with other known particles.

Integrating inventory data with machine learning models reveals the global composition of tree types—needle-leaved evergreen individuals dominate, followed by broadleaved evergreen and deciduous trees—and climate change risks.

Previously documented record values of the fusion triple product in the stellarator Wendelstein 7-X are shown to be evidence for reduced neoclassical energy transport in this optimized device.

Two doses of the coronavirus disease 2019 vaccine ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 boost antibody responses and functions in phase 1/2 trial participants.

Analysis of whole-genome sequencing data across 2,658 tumors spanning 38 cancer types shows that chromothripsis is pervasive, with a frequency of more than 50% in several cancer types, contributing to oncogene amplification, gene inactivation and cancer genome evolution.

Chiea Chuen Khor, Tin Aung, Francesca Pasutto, Janey Wiggs and colleagues report a global genome-wide association study of exfoliation syndrome and a fine-mapping analysis of a previously identified disease-associated locus, LOXL1. They identify a rare protective variant in LOXL1 exclusive to the Japanese population and five new common variant susceptibility loci.

Characterization of bacterial microbiomes associated with >1,000 microscopic marine invertebrates reveals that phylosymbiosis is rare across animal lineages.

Resistance to therapy can be driven by intratumoral heterogeneity. Here, the authors show that drug tolerant persistent cell populations emerge during treatment, and these emergent populations arise through epigenetically mediated cell state transitions rather than sub population selection.

Proton radioactivity is useful for studying nuclear structure. Here the authors report two proton emission branches from the 10+ state isomer of 54mNi by using a time projection chamber.

A region on chromosome 19p13 is associated with the risk of developing ovarian and breast cancer. Here, the authors genotyped SNPs in this region in thousands of breast and ovarian cancer patients and identified SNPs associated with three genes, which were analysed with functional studies.

In a prespecified interim analysis of a pivotal phase 2 trial, avapritinib, a selective KIT inhibitor, elicited robust clinical and molecular responses, was generally well tolerated and led to improved patient-reported outcomes in patients with advanced systemic mastocytosis.

N-terminal histidine methylation modification has only been observed on certain fungal proteins. Here, the authors identify and validate the methyltransferase responsible for this modification through the combination of mass spectrometry-based proteomics and CRISPR/Cas9.

Despite the burgeoning nature of uranium–ligand multiple bonding, analogous thorium complexes remain incredibly rare. Here the authors report evidence for a transient thorium–nitride species, which, together with data on parent imido derivatives, suggests that the pushing-from-below phenomenon may be more widespread than previously thought.

The Australian pitcher plant (Cephalotus sp.) genome reveals genetic changes associated with prey attraction, capture, digestion and nutrient absorption. Comparison with other carnivorous plants reveals constraints on evolution of plant carnivory

Using data gathered from the microphones of the Perseverance rover, the first characterization of the acoustic environment on Mars is presented, showing two distinct values for the speed of sound in CO₂-dominated atmosphere.

Zinc is important for normal immunity but its mechanistic actions are poorly understood. Hambleton and colleagues identify defects in Zn²⁺ transport that underpin a novel human immunodeficiency characterized by loss of mature B cells.

Engineered two-component signalling proteins in Escherichia coli have residue specificities different to their parent proteins and are orthogonal to all extant paralogues, demonstrating that sequence space is not densely occupied.

Analysis of mitochondrial genomes (mtDNA) by using whole-genome sequencing data from 2,658 cancer samples across 38 cancer types identifies hypermutated mtDNA cases, frequent somatic nuclear transfer of mtDNA and high variability of mtDNA copy number in many cancers.

The LHCb collaboration reports an improved measurement of the oscillation frequency of mesons consisting of a bottom quark and strange quark, which is then combined with previous results.

The guanine nucleotide exchange factor SOS is a critical intermediary that transduces receptor tyrosine kinase stimulation into Ras activation. Here the authors develop a single molecule assay in which SOS is captured from raw lysates using Ras-functionalized membrane microarrays and uncover an autoinhibitory mechanism of SOS regulation.

Analyses of current coral reef growth rates in the tropical western Atlantic and Indian Ocean show that few reefs will have the capacity to track sea-level rise projections under Representative Concentration Pathway scenarios without sustained ecological recovery.

Following HAWC observations of the Cygnus Cocoon, massive star-forming regions can now be considered to be sources of very-high-energy (TeV to PeV) Galactic cosmic rays.