Double network (DN) gel - hydroxyapatite (HAp) composite achieves robust fixation to bone tissue accompanied by spontaneous osteogenesis penetration into the gel matrix. In addition, the HAp-DN gel composite can be used as a simplified model of bone tissues because of their similarity in terms of components. The HAp orientation is regulated by the anisotropy of the polymer network of gel, implying that the collagen matrix is oriented in the earliest stage of biomineralization in vivo.
