Lysine ubiquitination, catalysed by E3 ubiquitin ligases, is pivotal for regulating protein stability and cell signalling. Using protein semisynthesis, the roles of the C-terminal carboxylate and conformational interconversion in HECT-domain E3 catalysis are now characterized, revealing evolutionary plasticity in side chain versus backbone utilization.
- Hanjie Jiang
- Bryant D. Miller
- Philip A. Cole