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Native state proteomics of PV interneurons revealed unique molecular features of high translational and metabolic activity, and enrichment of Alzheimer’s risk genes. Early amyloid pathology exerted unique effects on mitochondria, mTOR signaling and neurotransmission in PV neurons.

Tokamak walls suffer erosion from steady and bursty heat loads. Here, the authors demonstrate that optimizing 3D magnetic field and cooling gas injection can tame destructive plasma bursts while enabling cooler, safer exhaust conditions.

Symmetry breaking is key to tissue formation. Now it is shown that symmetry breaking of epithelial spheroids is controlled by an interplay of collective migration with curvature and matrix remodelling.

Becker et. al developed a proteomic proximity labeling platform named POCA, which makes use of a photosensitizer for singlet oxygen production and protein capture in the presence of amine, enabling profiling of interactomes of proteins and lipids in living cells.

Coherent coupling of light with electronic transitions has led to phenomena such as polariton lasing and superfluidity. Shalabney et al.now couple the optical modes of micro-cavity to the vibrational modes of a molecule at room temperature and thereby alter the chemical behaviour of the molecule.

Optical spin orientation of itinerant ferromagnets in twisted MoTe₂ homobilayers is demonstrated, enabling control of topological Chern numbers with circularly polarized light.

Frequency combs are useful tools in high precision measurement including atomic transitions and atomic clocks. Here the authors demonstrate direct frequency comb spectroscopy to shorter wavelengths by probing a transition frequency in a trapped Mg+ ion using a single mode of a UV frequency comb.

A covariate-aware analysis reveals that microbiome changes in the gut of patients with chronic kidney disease are better explained by intestinal transit time than by kidney function.

The study introduces radio interferometric multiplexed spectroscopy (RIMS), a method designed to efficiently monitor the radio emissions of massive samples of stars. Applying it to LOFAR data, the authors identify stellar bursts, offering clues to possible star–planet magnetic interactions.

The identification of cellular targets for natural products that potently inhibit the growth of cancer cell lines implicates oxysterol-binding proteins in the growth of cancer cells. These natural products, termed ORPphilins, also affect sphingomyelin biosynthesis.

Neville, Ferguson et al. show that non-canonical Polycomb repressive complex 1.1-mediated gene silencing is antagonized by DOT1L and is required for the therapeutic efficacy of Menin and DOT1L inhibitors in mixed-lineage leukaemia.

MK-7762 is a new oxazolidinone antitubercular agent that is structurally similar to linezolid, and demonstrated in vivo efficacy, lesion penetration and limited toxicity compared to linezolid, indicating it could be used in broad tuberculosis regimens.

In the adrenal cortex, cholesterol used for steroid production is stored in lipid droplets. The authors demonstrate here the importance of the transcription factor HHEX in maintaining glucocorticoid levels and protecting lipid droplets from androgen-induced lipid depletion.

Capsular polysaccharides are bacterial virulence factors, yet their transport mechanism remains unclear. Here, the authors reveal the structure and dynamics of the Wza–Wzc complex, uncovering how a trans-envelope channel assembles to guide capsular polysaccharide synthesis and export.

Metabolite signatures were identified for subtypes of dietary carbohydrate, including added sugar, whole grain and refined grain, and showed different associations with type 2 diabetes, providing an objective measure of dietary risk.

Excitation of whistler-mode waves by cyclotron instability is considered as the likely generation process of the waves. Here, the authors show direct observational evidence for locally ongoing secular energy transfer from the resonant electrons to the whistler-mode waves in Earth’s magnetosheath.

Integrating UV lasers is of interest for portable optical clocks and ion-based quantum computers, but material absorption has impeded progress. Here, authors demonstrate a violet integrated laser using UV-transparent materials with mW-level output, narrow linewidth and precise frequency control.

A single-cell epigenomic atlas of human immune cells highlights cell-type-specific features associated with genetic or environmental exposures.

Monitoring internal loads in the human musculoskeletal system has been challenging, especially during dynamic movement. Here, the authors present a wearable joint torque estimation strategy using A-mode ultrasound and demonstrate its effectiveness during various real-world activities.

Deep brain stimulation tuned to cue-reactivity within the nucleus accumbens region reduced drug cravings, heralding an evocation-based programming strategy for opioid use disorder.

Cell surface receptors perceive immunogenic elicitors, triggering downstream signalling via receptor-like cytoplasmic kinases such as BIK1. Here the authors define and use the phosphorylation motif of BIK1 to find novel substrate candidates.

EuCo₂Al₉ is identified as a metallic spin supersolid with high thermal conductivity, exhibiting coexisting spin orders, strong quantum fluctuations and a giant magnetocaloric effect enabling efficient sub-Kelvin refrigeration.

Peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) is a potentially fatal heart condition with poorly understood molecular causes. Here, the authors show that loss of the protein PTRH2 in female mice leads to postpartum heart failure, identifying it as a potential therapeutic target.

How myelin plays a role in long-range processing of disparate inputs remains elusive. Here, the authors show that myelin loss within the neocortex reduces the reliability to propagate cortical bursts across axons, causing an impaired temporal sharpening to compute sensory and cortical signals within the thalamus.

Integrating an electronic device with a cavity can cause the electrons to couple to photons strongly enough to form hybrid modes. Now, the cavity effects induced by intrinsic graphite gates are shown to modify the low-energy properties of graphene.

Large-effect variants in autism remain elusive. Here, the authors use long-read sequencing to assemble phased genomes for 189 individuals, identifying pathogenic variants in TBL1XR1, MECP2, and SYNGAP1, plus nine candidate structural variants missed by short-read methods.

Understanding the mechanisms underlying the survival of drug tolerant persister cells following chemotherapy remains elusive. Here, multi-omics analysis and experimental approaches show that the germ-cell-specific H3K4 methyltransferase PRDM9 promotes metabolic rewiring in glioblastoma stem cells.

Patients with primary mitochondrial disease manifesting cardiomyopathy are twice as likely to die compared to those without cardiomyopathy. Here, the authors show that a modest increase in cardiac mitochondrial energetics via gene therapy can significantly improve cardiac function and is effective in treating mitochondrial cardiomyopathy.

CAR-T cell efficacy is often limited by the inability to maintain a memory T cell program. Here, the authors show that intrinsic CXCR4 expression enhances CAR-T cell persistence and memory differentiation in acute myeloid leukemia.

Recent improvements in the indirect-drive inertial confinement fusion experiments include the achievement of burning plasma state. Here the authors report the scaling of neutron yield in a burning plasma of Deuterium-Tritium fusion reaction by including the mode-2 asymmetry.

Screening methods to predict the development of type 1 diabetes (T1D) prior to pancreatic β-cell disruption are currently lacking. Here, the authors perform proteomics analysis of cord serum samples obtained from a Swedish birth cohort and identify an inflammatory signature predictive of disease development with good accuracy, suggesting that an inflammatory stage during pregnancy predisposes to T1D.

The anterior cingulate cortex encodes affective pain behaviours modulated by opioids; targeting opioid-sensitive neurons through a new chemogenetic gene therapy replicates the analgesic effects of morphine, providing precise chronic pain relief without affecting sensory detection.

CLASSIC is a high-throughput genetic profiling platform that combines long- and short-read next-generation-sequencing modalities to quantitatively assess pools of constructs of arbitrary length containing diverse genetic part compositions.

Cardiometabolic disease and depression often co-occur, but their multi-organ basis was unclear. Here, the authors analyse UK Biobank imaging and genetics, identifying abdomen-heart-brain networks and 43 shared loci, improving multimorbidity prediction

The role of oxytocin in modulating astrocytes during stress behaviour is not fully understood. Here the authors show that in the amygdala, oxytocin modulates stress related behaviour by transient Gαi-dependent retraction of astrocytic processes, followed by enhanced neuronal sensitivity to extracellular potassium.

The FDA approved drug aprepitant is an antagonist of the Neurokinin 1 receptor (NK1R). Here the authors present aprepitant bound NK1R crystal structures and use NMR spectroscopy to gain further insights into the dynamics of aprepitant binding, which is of interest for further drug development.

Tree mortality has been shown to be the dominant control on carbon storage in Amazon forests, but little is known of how and why Amazon forest trees die. Here the authors analyse a large Amazon-wide dataset, finding that fast-growing species face greater mortality risk, but that slower-growing individuals within a species are more likely to die, regardless of size.

Amyloid plaques are a hallmark of Alzheimer’s disease. Better understanding of their biochemistry can inspire new biomarkers and therapeutics. Using multimodal mass spectrometry imaging, this work reveals surprising lipid heterogeneity in plaque microenvironments across the brain.

We collect fluorescence photons from a trapped ion into a chip-integrated single waveguide. We introduce a new grating design technique to extend the effective aperture of a large grating.

Yashinskie, Zhu and colleagues show that p53 activation triggers increased synthesis and accumulation of phospholipids, with enhanced activation of autophagy and lysosomal catabolism programmes and increased reliance on lipid headgroup recycling.

Quantum lock-in detection (QLID) is crucial for extracting oscillating signals from noise, while quantum entanglement is vital to surpass the standard of quantum limit in precision measurement. Here, the authors experimentally realise entanglement-enhanced QLID using two trapped ions, achieving frequency measurement precision at the Heisenberg limit and demonstrating an improved inverse-quadratic temporal scaling.

Despite their relevance as regulators of actin severing and filament disassembly, few structural insights into the mechanism of cofilin-isoform-specific severing activity are reported. Here, the authors provide structural insights towards actin severing activity by human cofilin-2 obtained by MAS NMR and all-atom MD simulations. The results reveal an isoform-specific binding mode unique to CFL2 that may be related to its potent severing properties in-vivo.

Minetti, Omrani et al. report that delayed intestinal regeneration results from protein homeostasis stress and can be improved by modulation of the polyamine pathway dynamics.

Wide-bandgap perovskite solar cells suffer from instability under rapid thermal cycling. Here, Sun et al. investigate the degradation mechanism, showing that temperature-induced structural strain, phase transition, and increased non-radiative defects drive the degradation processes.

This study demonstrates that brain functional network imbalance appears linked to progressive brain atrophy and cognitive decline across the dementia spectrum.

This study shows that excessive atmospheric nitrogen deposition can enhance methane production and emissions by impacting microbial phosphorus acquisition due to the change of N/P ratios in oxygenated surface oceans.

Chen et al. show that redox signals activate ADAR1 to fix faulty RNA pieces during DNA copying, ensuring smooth replication and protecting genome stability.

scTranslator is a large-scale generative model that translates single-cell transcriptomic data to proteomic data and can assess the impact of gene perturbation on protein levels.

Effective and regulated activation of the Mcm2-7 helicase underlies faithful genome replication. Here the authors reveal mechanistic detail how the pre-loading complex proteins TopBP1 and GINS interact and, thus, how the helicase activator GINS loads on Mcm2-7 during replication origin firing.