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The Somatic Mosaicism across Human Tissues Network aims to create a reference catalogue of somatic mosaicism across different tissues and cells within individuals.

The presence of antibodies to citrullinated protein antigens (ACPA) in peripheral blood represents a risk a state that is ‘at-risk’ for subsequent development of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Here authors compare multiple molecular and immunological parameters in individuals who are ACPA positive without inflammatory arthritis, ACPA negative controls and patients diagnosed with ACPA positive early-stage RA to conclude that complex immunopathological processes are present in an ACPA positive state which may be targeted by future preventive approaches for RA.

The authors find that mice fed a diet with reduced levels of branched-chain amino acids have improved metabolic health, and in males but not females, lifelong feeding of such a diet reduces frailty and extends life span.

Southern Ocean surface waters near Australia emerged as a major source of CO₂ during the last deglaciation due to shifting ecology and circulation, according a proxy record of seawater pH based on boron isotopes covering the past 25,000 years.

Cognitive function is associated with health and important life outcomes. Here, the authors perform a genome-wide association study for general cognitive function in 300,486 individuals and identify genetic loci that implicate neural and cell developmental pathways in this trait.

The use of single cell sequencing has enabled more detailed analysis of the immune response to infection. Here the authors characterise the immune response to malaria infection in an endemic region using single cell transcriptomics indicating regulatory signatures associated with infection.

In a large multi-cancer cohort, a single liquid biopsy assay enables the detection of four epigenomic modifications, allowing the monitoring of expression of potential drug targets and resistance genes.

Single-cell transcriptomic and proteomic data from synovial tissue from individuals with rheumatoid arthritis classify patients into groups based on abundance of cell states that can provide insights into pathology and predict individual treatment responses.

Insufficient AHR activation has been suggested in SLE, and augmenting AHR activation therapeutically may prevent CXCL13⁺ T_PH/T_FH differentiation and the subsequent recruitment of B cells and formation of lymphoid aggregates in inflamed tissues.

Batteries keep degrading even when they are not in operation, but their calendar life is rarely studied in advanced batteries that are still in the development stage. Here the authors quantify the calendar ageing of Li metal anodes and report its underlying mechanisms.

Personalized computational modelling can reliably predetermine ablation targets in patients with persistent atrial fibrillation and atrial fibrosis.

SCENT is a nonparametric method that models association between chromatin accessibility and gene expression in single-cell multimodal datasets, enabling construction of cell-type-specific enhancer–gene maps to aid mapping of candidate causal variants and genes for common diseases.

Loading of antigenic peptides onto MHC-I is essential for adaptive immunity and requires the protein Tapasin. Here, the authors demonstrate that Tapasin levels are controlled by the RNF185/MBRL ERAD complex and that this process regulates MHC-I surface expression.

A genome-wide association study in ~3 million individuals identifies 3,952 independent variants associated with educational attainment. A polygenic index explains 12–16% of variance for this trait and contributes to risk prediction for ten diseases.

Automated pathotyping of synovial tissue in arthritis is a major unmet need. Here, the authors develop and demonstrate the efficacy of an automated tissue and cellular pathotyping tool for inflammatory arthritis.

The epigenetic changes underlying the heterogeneity of RA disease presentation have been the subject of intense scrutiny. In this study, the authors use multiple single-cell sequencing datasets to define ‘chromatin superstates’ in patients with RA, which associate with distinct transcription factors and disease phenotypes.

Carbon isotopic analysis reveals global biogeographic traits in shark trophic interactions, and sheds light on the diverse foraging behaviour of sharks.

Snyder and colleagues show global loss of promoter–enhancer connectivity during early colorectal carcinogenesis and the dependency of gene dysregulation during this process on the baseline of promoter–enhancer interaction in normal colonic epithelium.

A genetic study identifies hundreds of loci associated with risk tolerance and risky behaviors, finds evidence of substantial shared genetic influences across these phenotypes, and implicates genes involved in neurotransmission.

The authors summarize the data produced by phase III of the Encyclopedia of DNA Elements (ENCODE) project, a resource for better understanding of the human and mouse genomes.

White people who have difficulty implicitly pairing black names with positive words also tend to be impaired on tasks requiring cognitive control after interacting with a black experimenter. A new functional imaging study finds that such subjects also show more activity in brain regions associated with cognitive control when looking at black faces that are irrelevant to their task.

Toxoplasma gondii can develop into dormant bradyzoites that persist in tissue and can be reactivated. Here the authors identify an RNA binding protein that they call Regulator of Cystogenesis 1 (ROCY1), and show that it is required for bradyzoite development in vitro and in vivo but is not required for long term persistence of parasites that reactivate in a mouse model of recrudescence.

High-resolution contact maps of active enhancers and target genes generated by H3K27ac HiChIP in primary human cells provide rational guides to link noncoding disease-associated risk variants to candidate causal genes. Genes are validated by CRISPR activation and interference at connected enhancers and eQTL analysis, leading to a fourfold increase in the number of potential target genes for autoimmune and cardiovascular diseases.

CRISPR-Cas9 screens are powerful high-throughput tools but can be confounded by nuclease toxicity. Here the authors design a library of variable length gRNAs with thousands of negative controls, including the targeting of ‘safe’ loci to account for on-target site DNA damage toxicity.

Stable solid–electrolyte interphases on Li anodes are crucial for reliable Li metal batteries. A suspension electrolyte design that modifies the Li⁺ solvation environment in liquid electrolytes and creates inorganic-rich interphases on Li is now reported.

The deployment of lithium metal batteries is forestalled by poor control over the deposition morphology of lithium. Here, the authors discover that high electrical resistance can be leveraged for controlling lithium morphology and enabling high-performing lithium metal batteries.

Defective ribonucleotide excision repair causes ID4, an indel cancer signature characterized by deletions of 2–5 base pairs.

Eight genome-wide CRISPR screens identify genes required for substrate-specific phagocytosis. The study highlights roles for NHLRC2 in filopodia formation, very-long-chain fatty acids in substrate-specific phagocytosis and TM2D3 in uptake of amyloid-β aggregates.

In the TRACERx cohort of 171 patients with lung cancer, the ultrasensitive detection of ctDNA improves preoperative patient stratification, also in early-stage disease.