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How a Mott insulating state evolves into a conducting or superconducting state is a central issue in doping a Mott insulator and important to understand the physics in high temperature cuprate superconductors. Here, the authors visualize the electronic structure evolution of a Mott insulator within the full Mott gap region and address the fundamental issues.

The BRAIN Initiative Cell Census Network has constructed a multimodal cell census and atlas of the mammalian primary motor cortex in a landmark effort towards understanding brain cell-type diversity, neural circuit organization and brain function.

Highly stretchable organic electrochemical transistors with stable charge transport under severe tensional strains are demonstrated using a honeycomb semiconducting polymer morphology, thereby enabling controllable signal output for diverse stretchable bioelectronic applications.

Layered oxide cathode materials for sodium-ion batteries often experience irreversible phase transitions and structural instability. Now researchers have developed a P2-type oxide containing earth-abundant elements, featuring an intergrowth phase structure that enables long-cycle, high-energy sodium-ion batteries.

Quantum phase transition occurs in many-body systems with abrupt changes in the ground state around zero temperature. Here the authors report signatures of quantum phase transition in single trapped ion that can be described using quantum Rabi model.

Oxygen redox instability at high voltages hinders the application of high-energy battery cathodes. Here the authors report that elimination of domain boundaries in single-crystal cathodes improves the redox stability and consequently the electrochemical performance in extended high-voltage cycling.

A high-confinement plasma that is potentially useful for controlled fusion has now been sustained for over 30 s. The Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak in Hefei, China, achieved this record pulse length by first confining the plasma using lithium-treated vessel walls, and then maintaining it with a so-called lower hybrid current drive.

Elevated viscosity counterintuitively increases the motility of various cell types in vitro and imprints mechanical memory to tumour cells, which enables them to disseminate more efficiently in vivo.

Here, the authors report structures of corticotropin releasing factor receptor 2 (CRF2R) bound to agonist Urocortin 1 (UCN1) and coupled to G proteins G₁₁ and G_o, offering insight into the structural basis for the ability of CRF2R to couple with multiple G protein subtypes.

Valley dependent spin polarization called spin-valley locking appears in absence of magnetism but it is limited to rare examples of transition metal dichalcogenides. Here, the authors report evidence of spin-valley locking and stacked quantum Hall effect in a bulk Dirac semimetal BaMnSb₂.

In somatic cells the mechanisms maintaining the chromosome ends are normally inactivated; however, cancer cells can re-activate these pathways to support continuous growth. Here, the authors characterize the telomeric landscapes across tumour types and identify genomic alterations associated with different telomere maintenance mechanisms.

In this study the authors report USP48 and BRAF are frequently mutated in USP8 wild-type corticotroph adenomas, and cause Cushing’s disease mainly through promoting the promoter activity of POMC. Inhibition of BRAF may be a promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of patients with BRAF-mutated corticotroph adenomas.

Authors find room-temperature ferroelectricity in single element Te nanowires, highlighting that reducing dimensions to 1D in low-dimensional piezoelectric materials with chain structures is an effective strategy to induce ferroelectricity absent in their 2D form.

Mn3Sn is an anti-ferromagnetic material which displays a large magneto-optical Kerr effect, despite lacking a ferromagnetic moment. Here, the authors show that likewise, Mn3Sn, also presents a particularly large magneto-optical Voigt signal, with a negligible change in the quench time over a wide temperature range.

The interaction between antiferromagnetic magnons and electrons sits at the heart of many strongly correlated systems, however, investigation has been hampered by a lack of clear-cut examples. Here, Yu et al directly observe a kink in the dispersion, a result of renormalization due to the electron-antiferromagnetic magnon interaction.

A multi-omic atlas of breast cancers, integrating single-cell RNA sequencing, spatial transcriptomics and immunophenotyping, identifies nine ecotypes associated with cellular heterogeneity and prognosis.

Agarwal et al. and Wang et al. show that vesicle-associated membrane protein 2 (VAMP2) interacts with and regulates alpha-synuclein biomolecular condensation, affecting α-synuclein function, which may prevent pathological amyloid aggregation.

Measurements of the proton’s generalized spin polarizabilities provide discriminating power between effective descriptions of the strong interaction at low energy.

The characterization of 4,645 whole-genome and 19,184 exome sequences, covering most types of cancer, identifies 81 single-base substitution, doublet-base substitution and small-insertion-and-deletion mutational signatures, providing a systematic overview of the mutational processes that contribute to cancer development.

The ATLAS Collaboration reports a measurement of the ratio of the decay rates of W bosons to τ leptons and muons, in agreement with universal lepton couplings as postulated in the standard model of particle physics.

G protein-coupled receptors are a large family of signalling proteins that mediate cellular responses primarily via G proteins or arrestins, and they are targets of one-third of the current clinically used drugs; here, an active form of human rhodopsin bound to a pre-activated form of the mouse visual arrestin-1 is determined, revealing unique structural features that may constitute essential elements for arrestin-biased signalling.

Tao et al. reported a series of cryo-EM structures of α-synuclein fibrils in complex with amyloid dyes and imaging tracers, and identified druggable pockets in the fibrils of multiple system atrophy.

High-precision photoemission measurements determine that the superconducting pairing symmetry in KFe₂As₂ is the same as in other types of iron-based superconductors, despite having different features in the band structure.

The description of deformed nuclei within orbital-free density functional theory has been a longstanding challenge, due to the difficulty in capturing intricate quantum shell effects. Here the authors propose a machine-learning-based orbital-free method, enabling the description of nuclear quantum shell and deformation effects.

The use of a needle-shaped optical beam improves the depth of field for photoacoustic imaging.

Relating the degree of network crosslinking as a descriptor to the desalination performance of crosslinked polymer membranes remains challenging. Here, the authors introduce a parameter based on distinct amide bonds per unit mass of polyamide, to unravel the relationship between the crosslinked networks of polyamide membranes and their desalination performance.

The voltage-gated sodium channel Na_v1.7 has a dual role in osteoarthritis—in chondrocytes, it promotes joint damage, and in dorsal root ganglia neurons, it increases pain transmission.

Hybrid perovskites are highly promising for photovoltaic applications, but they are prone to decomposition. Here, the authors probe the stability of CH₃NH₃PbI₃ films in a transmission electron microscope, defining the threshold conditions to avoid damage under the electron beam, and describing a decomposition pathway.

Nanoscale magnetic skyrmions that are generated in metallic multilayers using on-chip heating diffuse from hot to cold regions and can be thermoelectrically detected via the Nernst voltage.

Complexities of laser-material interactions pose a challenge to minimize defects in additively manufactured metal parts. Here the authors visualize all phases of matter simultaneously to expand understanding of the interactions and show atmospheric information can characterize process stability.

The cleavage of C–C bonds in hydrocarbons is traditionally entrusted to precious metal catalysts, whereas common non-reducible oxides are considered unreactive. Now, the authors report nanostructured silica-embedded zirconia nanoparticles that are competent for the hydrogenolysis of polyethylene with remarkable performance.

A sequencing chemistry that separates nucleotide identification from nucleotide incorporation achieves high accuracy.

The ATLAS Collaboration reports the observation of the electroweak production of two jets and a Z-boson pair. This process is related to vector-boson scattering and allows the nature of electroweak symmetry breaking to be probed.

GWAS have identified more than 500 genetic loci associated with blood lipid levels. Here, the authors report a genome-wide analysis of interactions between genetic markers and physical activity, and find that physical activity modifies the effects of four genetic loci on HDL or LDL cholesterol.

Perfect absorption can be obtained for a single port device, or a device with multiple incident beams, but for multiport devices, the absorption is limited to around 50%. In this work, Rao et al. overcome this limitation, demonstrating near perfect absorption in a two port cavity magnon system.

Layered oxide heterostructures are widely studied because of the new quantum states that can arise at the interface between the oxide materials used. Here, the authors are able to link the rotation of crystallographic oxygen octahedra at the interface to a modified ferromagnetic state in such heterostructures.

Identifying scaling laws in metal 3D printing is key to process optimization and materials development. Here the authors report scaling laws to quantify correlation between process parameters, keyhole stability and pore formation by high-speed synchrotron X-ray imaging and multiphysics modeling.

Quantum simulators should be able to give insight on exotic physics models such as supersymmetric extensions of Standard Model. Here, the authors demonstrate a first step in this direction, realising a prototypical SUSY model (and spontaneous SUSY breaking within it) using a trapped ion quantum simulator.

Diffractive imaging of an important class of battery electrodes during cycling shows that lattice strain is a crucial yet overlooked factor that contributes to voltage fade over time.

The flagship paper of the ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes Consortium describes the generation of the integrative analyses of 2,658 cancer whole genomes and their matching normal tissues across 38 tumour types, the structures for international data sharing and standardized analyses, and the main scientific findings from across the consortium studies.

A comparison of two complete sets of human centromeres reveals that the centromeres show at least a 4.1-fold increase in single-nucleotide variation compared with their unique flanks, and up to 3-fold variation in size, resulting from an accelerated mutation rate.

Primary dysmenorrhoea, the most common gynaecologic complaint, remains genetically and pathophysiologically elusive. Here, Li and colleagues identify common variants inZMIZ1 and near NGFconferring risk for primary dysmenorrhoea using genome-wide association study in a Chinese population.

The authors demonstrate ultrafast symmetry breaking by optically driven photocurrents.

Analysis of a set of 1,863 bursts from the repeating source FRB 20201124A provides evidence of a complicated magnetized site within about an astronomical unit from the source in a barred galaxy.

At the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider, observations of two meson species produced by heavy-ion collisions, ϕ and K^*0, show surprising patterns of global spin alignment, being unexpectedly large and consistent with zero, respectively.

How superconductivity emerges out of the antiferromagnetic insulating state of the cuprates is unclear. High-resolution ARPES measurements reported by Zhouet al.suggest that this emerges at the point where antiferromagnetic order disappears and the nodal gap of its electronic structure falls to zero.

The repertoire of adaptive immune receptor is generated by V(D)J recombination, somatic rearrangements of V, D and J gene segments, in the respective loci. Here the authors show that the deficiency of Setd2, a histone methyl transfer, impairs V(D)J recombination and induces severe developmental blocks in both T and B lineages.