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Analysis of the whole-brain fly connectome reveals high-dimensional dynamics supported by many small independent circuits, motivating a proposal for optogenetic perturbation to efficiently learn a whole-brain causal neural dynamics model.

Previous work has shown in iPSC derived neurons that synaptic impairments are associated with a 4bp DISC1 deletion. Here the authors demonstrate a role for the PDE4 signalling pathway in these synaptic impairments.

A transformer-based representation-learning model that processes multimodal input in a unified manner outperformed non-unified multimodal models in two clinical diagnostic tasks.

A long- and short-read barley pan-transcriptome assembled from 20 diverse barley genotypes offers insights into genotype- and tissue-dependent gene expression and function.

Topological superconductors are potentially important for future quantum computation, but they are very rare in nature. Here, the authors observe topological surface states acquiring a nodeless superconducting gap with similar magnitude as that of the bulk states in 2M-WS₂, suggesting an intrinsic topological superconductor.

In this Stage 2 Registered Report, Buchanan et al. show evidence confirming the phenomenon of semantic priming across speakers of 19 diverse languages.

Optimizing the synthesis for efficient luminescent materials requires consideration of a large number of parameters. Here, the authors realize high quantum yield full-color carbon quantum dot using an iterative machine-learning experimental strategy.

The stability of non-noble catalysts is key for their use in proton exchange membrane water electrolysers. Here, authors study activity-stability relationships of MoS_x allotropes for H₂ production, reporting allotrope-dependent stabilities and dissolution pathways, and propose operation guidelines.

In Li-ion batteries, single crystalline cobalt-free lithium transition metal oxides are less understood than their polycrystalline counterparts. Here, authors show that the absence of cobalt in single crystalline oxides results in structural degradation that ultimately degrades battery performance.

Single-atom catalysts demonstrate enhanced catalytic properties, but most systems only explore combinations of a few different metals. Here, a library of 37 different elements is investigated, and it is shown that loading 12 metallic atoms in one system presents improved electrochemical activity.

This work shows that by designing appropriate alloying elements in a body-centred-cubic high-entropy alloy, local chemical order and lattice distortion can be tuned, which influences the evolution of planar-slip bands, realizing pure-metal-like tensile ductility at gigapascal yield strength.

The tropism of adenoviruses is influenced by the binding of host blood factors. Here, the authors show the N-terminal non-polar residues of γ-carboxyglutamic acid domains of vitamin K-dependent blood clotting factors interact with the hexon cavities on the surface of species-C adenoviruses.

Solar cells based on 3D/2D perovskite heterostructures show promising performance, but ion diffusion limits the device stability. Now Luo et al. suppress ion diffusion by inserting a cross-linked polymer between the 2D and 3D layers, improving the operational stability.

A trans-ancestry meta-analysis of GWAS of glycemic traits in up to 281,416 individuals identifies 99 novel loci, of which one quarter was found due to the multi-ancestry approach, which also improves fine-mapping of credible variant sets.

The interaction between antiferromagnetic magnons and electrons sits at the heart of many strongly correlated systems, however, investigation has been hampered by a lack of clear-cut examples. Here, Yu et al directly observe a kink in the dispersion, a result of renormalization due to the electron-antiferromagnetic magnon interaction.

Quantifying the degree of correlation required to drive a Mott insulator transition is a crucial aspect in understanding and manipulating correlated electrons. Here, the authors introduce a thallium-based cuprate system and use resonant inelastic X-ray scattering, combined with Hubbard-Heisenberg modeling, to establish a universal relation between electron interactions and magnon dispersion, suggesting optimal superconductivity at intermediate correlation strength.

The sample taken from carbonaceous asteroid Ryugu and brought back to Earth by the Hayabusa2 spacecraft contains outer Solar System-derived materials uncontaminated by terrestrial processes. Even CI carbonaceous chondrites, despite their closeness to solar abundances, are not pristine.

Disorder may play a dominant role in determining the nonlinear Hall effect in a topological material. Here, Du et al. derive formulas of the nonlinear Hall conductivity and construct the general scaling law of the nonlinear Hall effect in a tilted two dimensional Dirac model.

Zhaonella formicivorans produces methanol, for a novel syntrophic interaction, without requiring methylated compounds as an input.

Well-defined single-atom alloy (SAA) nanocrystals possess isolated atom centres and tunable electronic properties but are challenging to synthesize. Here, a direct solution-phase synthesis of Cu/CuAu core/shell nanocubes with tunable SAA layers is reported. The Cu/CuAu nanomaterial is highly active for the electrocatalytic conversion of nitrate into ammonia.

A pangenome analysis of 76 wild and domesticated barley accessions in combination with short-read sequence data of 1,315 barley genotypes indicates that allelic diversity at structurally complex loci may have helped crop plants to adapt to agricultural ecosystems.

Twisted bilayers of 2D semiconductors are being intensively investigated due to their emergent physical properties, but their controlled bottom-up synthesis remains challenging. Here, the authors report a confined-space chemical vapour deposition strategy to synthesize MoS₂ bilayers with twist angles ranging from 0° to 120°.

Peptide-based therapeutics are promising therapeutic modalities, however, their prevalent drawback is poor circulation half-life in vivo. Here, the authors report the selection of albumin-binding macrocyclic peptides from genetically encoded libraries of peptides modified by perfluoroaryl-cysteine chemistry, with decafluoro-diphenylsulfone.

A dual-wavelength fibre laser source has been developed for stimulated Raman scattering microscopy. It is precisely tunable over the entire high-wavenumber region of Raman spectra, where most stimulated Raman scattering imaging is performed. Imaging speeds of up to 1 frame s⁻¹ with shot-noise-limited sensitivity were achieved.

A repeated on–off high-temperature shockwave is shown to be a generalizable way of efficiently synthesizing and stabilizing single atoms at high temperatures.

Metal-fluoride-based lithium-ion battery cathodes are typically classified as conversion materials because reconstructive phase transitions are presumed to occur upon lithiation. Metal fluoride lithiation is now shown to be dominated instead by diffusion-controlled displacement mechanisms.

The nonlinear Hall effect is a quantum phenomenon, in which two perpendicular currents induce a Hall voltage; however, previous theories for this effect has remained at the semi classical level. Here, the authors develop a full quantum theory of the nonlinear Hall effect by using the diagrammatic technique.

The CMS Collaboration reports evidence for off-shell Higgs boson contributions in the production of Z boson pairs, and measures the width of the Higgs boson, which is inversely related to its lifetime.

Multi-ancestry genome-wide analyses identify 95 loci associated with post-traumatic stress disorder and implicate candidate genes, pathways and neurobiological systems underlying its pathophysiology.

Clamping effects in ferroelestastic thin films limits their usefulness for applications such as sensitive mechanical sensors. Here, the authors report on non-local mechanical force induced switching in PbTiO₃ thin films by tuning the material to a state of nearly energetically degenerate co-existing domains.

Battery cathodes tend to degrade severely during high-voltage operations. Here the authors present a cathode design with a structurally coherent architecture, ranging from ordered to disordered frameworks, that addresses this issue.

Pseudotyping messenger RNA-packaging virus-like particles with a glycoprotein recognizing a surface protein on dendritic cells led to higher humoral and adaptive immune responses in mice.

Zhang, Mille-Fragoso and colleagues developed a synthetic receptor platform named LIDAR (Ligand-Induced Dimerization-Activating RNA editing), which enables ligand-responsive gene regulation without the need of DNA promoters and is, thus, compatible with mRNA delivery.

The returned samples from Hayabusa2 show that C-type asteroid Ryugu experienced various steps of mineralogical alteration within only 1–2 million years after accretion.

Authors report that micron-sized Na₂S particles can be self-refinement into nanoparticles during the initial cycle under rapid solid-liquid-solid conversion, which facilitates the development of Na-free anode systems in room-temperature sodium-sulfur batteries.

This study reveals how infections that increase long-term dementia risk can contribute to longitudinal brain volume loss and regulate immunological proteins in plasma, and which of these proteins may drive infection-specific neurodegeneration.

Plasma turbulence is the main driver to deteriorate the performance of fusion power plants. This work presents an unprecedented comparison of plasma turbulence between experiment and simulation, proving that the gyrokinetic model GENE reached a high level of maturity to predict core turbulence.

Tailored to provide diabetes management recommendations from large training and validation datasets, an artificial intelligence system integrating language and computer vision capabilities is shown to improve self-management of patients in a prospective implementation study.

The mechanism of high-temperature superconductivity in the iron-based materials remains not fully understood. Here, the authors report on ARPES measurements on an FeSe-based bulk superconductor, whose electronic properties are found to be similar to those of single-layer FeSe/STO films.

PSR J1953+1844 (M71E) has an orbital period of 53.3 minutes and a companion with a mass of 0.07 M_⊙, making it a bridging object between redbacks and black widows in the evolutionary track.

Light-sheet microscopy in the NIR-II window enables rapid volumetric imaging of tissues at impressive depths in vivo without invasive preparations owing to the reduced light scattering and tissue autofluorescence at these wavelengths.

Lithium-rich layered oxides are promising cathode materials for next-generation batteries, but they suffer from long-standing problems such as voltage decay during cycling. Here the authors analyse the root cause of voltage decay and present a structure engineering strategy to mitigate the issue for a cobalt-free, lithium-rich layered oxide.

Layered Ni-rich oxide cathodes are susceptible to challenges with surface reconstruction and strain propagation, limiting their cyclability. The authors propose a solution involving oriented attachment-driven reactions, utilizing Wadsley–Roth nanocrystals and layered oxide to induce an epitaxial entropy-assisted coating, effectively addressing these issues.

The collective-flow-assisted nuclear shape-imaging method images the nuclear global shape by colliding them at ultrarelativistic speeds and analysing the collective response of outgoing debris.

Therapeutic administration of IL-27—serum levels of which are decreased in individuals with obesity—improves thermogenesis, protects against diet-induced obesity and ameliorates insulin resistance in mouse models of obesity.

Spectral modulation of a broadband pump beam allows sensitive and specific molecular imaging based on stimulated Raman scattering. Measurements of cholesterol, protein, and stearic and oleic acid are reported.

Magnetotail reconnection plays a crucial role in explosive energy conversion in geospace. Here, the authors show that magnetotail reconnection starts from electron reconnection in the presence of a strong external driver, which then develops into ion reconnection.

Ten years after the discovery of the Higgs boson, the ATLAS  experiment at CERN probes its kinematic properties with a significantly larger dataset from 2015–2018 and provides further insights on its interaction with other known particles.