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Accurate segmentation of ischemic stroke lesions from brain MRI is crucial for timely diagnosis and treatment planning. Here, the authors present DeepISLES, an AI ensemble for stroke MRI analysis that outperforms previous methods and matches expert radiologist performance in identifying stroke lesions.

Retinoblastoma is the most frequent intraocular paediatric malignancy whose molecular basis remains poorly understood. Here, the authors perform multi-omic analysis and identify two subtypes; one in a cone differentiated state and one more aggressive showing cone dedifferentiation and expressing neuronal markers.

A global network of researchers was formed to investigate the role of human genetics in SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 severity; this paper reports 13 genome-wide significant loci and potentially actionable mechanisms in response to infection.

Single-cell sequencing approaches need to balance sensitivity, throughput and experimental complexity. Here the authors combine droplet-based microfluidics and combinatorial indexing to develop OAK, a versatile method for ultra-high throughput single-cell multiomic profiling.

Nitroxoline is a bacteriostatic quinoline antibiotic, known to form complexes with metals, with few clinical applications. Here, Cacace et al. show that the compound displays a broad activity spectrum, with species-specific bactericidal activity, and acts as a metallophore inducing copper and zinc intoxication in bacterial cells.

In patients with newly diagnosed, transplant-ineligible multiple myeloma, addition of weekly bortzomib to isatuximab, lenalidomide and dexamethasone leads to increased minimal residual disease negativity compared with isatuximab, lenalidomide and dexamethasone.

Wood density is a key control on tree biomass, and understanding its spatial variation improves estimates of forest carbon stock. Sullivan et al. measure >900 forest plots to quantify wood density and produce high resolution maps of its variation across South American tropical forests.

Bacillus anthracis causes the infectious disease anthrax. Here, the authors synthesized deoxy glycosides that are effective against B. anthracis and related bacteria and found that these amphiphilic compounds kill bacteria via an unusual mechanism of action.

The progressive stiffening of the solid–solid contacts that freeze dense colloidal suspensions are shown to cause the macroscopic ageing of such materials.

Here, following a patient with severe acute Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection, the authors combine comprehensive isolate characterization from lung and gut samples (>100 isolates) and patient clinical data to provide insights into bacterial responses to antibiotic therapy.

A multimodal atlas of retinal organoid development shows spatial interactions over time.

The crystal structure of a T cell receptor bound to a self peptide–major histocompatibility complex antigen reveals poor shape complementarity in the interface between the two proteins, as well as large conformational changes in the T cell receptor combining site upon ligand binding.

Deep learning frameworks require large human-annotated datasets for training and the resulting ‘black box’ models are difficult to interpret. Here, the authors present Kartezio; a modular Cartesian Genetic Programming-based computational strategy that generates fully transparent and easily interpretable image processing pipelines.

Cells sense mechanical forces from their environment, but the precise mechanical variable sensed by cells is unclear. Here, the authors show that cells can sense the rate of force application, known as the loading rate, with effects on YAP nuclear localization and cytoskeletal stiffness remodelling.

An expanded GWAS of birth weight and subsequent analysis using structural equation modeling and Mendelian randomization decomposes maternal and fetal genetic contributions and causal links between birth weight, blood pressure and glycemic traits.

Crosstalk between genetic circuits is a major challenge for engineering sophisticated networks. Here the authors design networks that compensate for crosstalk by integrating, not insulating, pathways.

Whole-genome sequence data for 108 individuals representing 28 language groups across Australia and five language groups for Papua New Guinea suggests that Aboriginal Australians and Papuans diverged from Eurasian populations approximately 60–100 thousand years ago, following a single out-of-Africa dispersal and subsequent admixture with archaic populations.

A multicore analogue in-memory computing chip that is designed and fabricated in 14 nm complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor technology with backend-integrated phase-change memory can be used for deep neural network inference.

Short peptides derived from the HIV-1 glycoprotein form nanofibrils that can be used to improve viral gene delivery and concentrate viruses without the need for ultracentrifugation.

How biodiversity is linked to multiple ecosystem functions is not fully understood. Here, the authors show that a new mechanism, which they term the 'jack-of-all-trades' effect, best explains patterns of tree diversity and ecosystem multifunctionality in European forests.

The authors test whether spatial scale (plot, local and landscape) affects the supply of various ecosystem services in grasslands, finding that some services are predicted by plot-level properties while others depend more on landscape-level management.

Absorption lines of iron in the dayside atmosphere of an ultrahot giant exoplanet disappear after travelling across the nightside, showing that the iron has condensed during its travel.

Livers are stored long term in a sophisticated perfusion system.

Enhancing and tuning light-matter interactions is crucial for the advancement of future technologies; however, to achieve this, it is essential to find materials that are compatible with CMOS technology. In this study, the authors demonstrate that coupling a MoSe2 monolayer with a silicon-based dielectric nanoresonator can enhance and tune the absorption of the former to near-field resonances.

Cortex morphology varies with age, cognitive function, and in neurological and psychiatric diseases. Here the authors report 160 genome-wide significant associations with thickness, surface area and volume of the total cortex and 34 cortical regions from a GWAS meta-analysis in 22,824 adults.

JNJ-1802—a highly potent dengue virus inhibitor—blocks the NS3–NS4B interaction within the viral replication complex, and is highly effective against viral infection with DENV-1 or DENV-2 in non-human primates.

Heart rate variability (HRV) describes the individual variation in cardiac cycle duration and is a measure of vagal control of heart rate. Here, the authors identify seventeen single-nucleotide polymorphisms associated with HRV, lending new insight into the vagal regulation of heart rhythm.

Integration of GWAS and single-cell transcriptomic data from the entire nervous system systematically identifies cell types underlying brain complex traits and provides insights into the etiology of Parkinson’s disease.

Ceramides are lipids that act directly on mitochondria to trigger apoptosis, but the underlying mechanism remains largely unclear. Here authors use a photoactivatable ceramide probe combined with a computation approach and functional studies to identify the voltage-dependent anion channel VDAC2 as a direct effector of ceramide-mediated cell death.

The small molecule JNJ-A07 interferes with the interaction between the NS3 and NS4B proteins of dengue virus and reduces the viral load in mice even when first administered at peak viraemia.

Clinical studies have suggested that the therapeutic potential of polyclonal convalescent plasma is highest in the first days of symptoms. Here, the authors present results from a pooled analysis of two clinical trials in COVID-19 outpatients that did not provide conclusive evidence in favor of convalescent plasma.

HLX transcription factor regulates haematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSPC) differentiation and is overexpressed in acute myeloid leukemia. Here the authors show that HLX overexpression leads to myeloid differentiation block in zebrafish and human HSPCs by direct regulation of metabolic pathways.

Centrioles are formed from a nine-fold symmetric cartwheel structure. Using mutants of the cartwheel protein SAS-6, which alters cartwheel symmetry, Hirono, Gönczy, Steinmetz and colleagues show that the microtubule wall also determines centriole shape.

Vincent Jaddoe and colleagues report a genome-wide association study for infant head circumference. They identify variants in SBNO1 and near HMGA2 that are associated with this phenotype.

Adult forms of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are of a polygenic nature, but paediatric and very early onset (VEO) IBD also occur as monogenic forms. Here, using whole exome sequencing, the authors explore both the monogenic and polygenic contribution to VEO-IBD and characterize a rare somatic mosaic VEO-IBD patient.