In this study, we coordinated the ionic current and the fluorescence signal to reveal that the gatekeepers (here, oligomers) open and close the nanochannels with an ‘onion-like’ intermediate state, as confirmed by molecular dynamics simulations. The dual-signal-output nanochannels exhibited a high sensitivity and selectivity to glucose and showed a high antijamming property. Ten healthy individuals’ urine samples were distinguished from those of 15 diabetes patients; moreover, the urine samples of the diabetes patients could be discriminated before and after treatment with insulin.
- Xuemei Xu
- Wei Zhao
- Xiaoding Lou
