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Exercise could affect the immune system, but whether early-life exercise could benefit immune health in adulthood is not fully understood. Here the authors show that early-life exercise promotes epi-metabolic changes in the liver to potentially benefit immunity in older age and characterise the involvement of pipecolic acid in this process.

Using exome sequencing data from one of the largest cohorts of children with cerebral palsy, the genetic diagnostic rates of single-nucleotide and copy number variants were assessed and a sizeable fraction found to be clinically actionable.

Kagome materials host 2D planes which give rise to kagome physics, but these are typically embedded in the bulk. Huang et al. demonstrate a strategy for generating surface kagome electronic states by vertical p-d electronic hybridization between surface atoms and the buried Co kagome network in Co₃Sn₂S₂.

Sulfonyl and sulfonimidoyl fluorides (SFs) are versatile substrates in organic synthesis but conversion to S(VI) radicals is challenging. Here, the authors show that organosuperbase activated SFs can be converted to S(VI) radicals under photocatalytic conditions and demonstrate application of this synthetic pathway in the preparation of functional polymers and dyes.

This study reports a fully integrated 128 × 8 optoelectronic memristor array with Si complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor circuits, featuring configurable multi-mode functionality. It demonstrates diversified in-sensor computing tasks and consumes 20 times less energy than GPUs.

Metal oxides are proposed as replacements for expensive enzymes in electrochemical biosensors, but their wide use is currently limited by poor electronic conductivity. Lang et al. engineer the nanoarchitecture of electrodes to reduce contact resistances, which leads to an ultrahigh sensitivity to glucose.

Synthetic nanoparticles coated with cell membranes show immune evasion and circulate longer. Here, a genetically engineered cell membrane expressing a SpyCatcher anchor is used as a modular nanotherapeutic drug delivery platform for high-affinity targeting and suppression of ovarian cancer.

Low-temperature operation remains challenging for batteries. Here, the authors report an electrolyte solvation structure design strategy to break solvation dominance of ethylene carbonate to facilitate the desolvation process that improves the low-temperature performance of lithium-ion batteries even below −100 °C.

Most recent SARS-CoV-2 variants showed exceptional immune evasion properties. Here, the authors identify a highly conserved epitope within the RBD targeted by a broad spectrum neutralizing antibody BA7535 that shows therapeutic antiviral potency in mouse studies.

Researchers propose a new type of multiphoton entangled state and demonstrate its working principles of measurement-based quantum computation in correlation space. With four- and six-qubit states, they realize a universal set of single-qubit rotations, two-qubit entangling gates and further Deutsch's algorithm.

Trans-ancestry meta-analysis of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) from 1,046,070 individuals identifies 264 associated loci, providing a resource of molecular targets for translational research of chronic kidney disease.

Cellular metabolism is altered in many cancer types and the advent of metabolomics has allowed us to understand more about how this is dysregulated. Here, the authors report a method named CARVE to analyse the arterial supply and venous drainage of glioma patients during surgery and identify the metabolites that may be consumed and produced by the cancer.

The variation in the properties of rare earth (RE) steels is shown to stem from the presence of oxygen-based inclusions, and only under very-low-oxygen conditions can RE elements perform a vital role in purifying, modifying and micro-alloying steels.

Habib and colleagues show that type 1 IFN signaling is triggered by EGFR inhibition in nonsmall cell lung cancer models and propose EGFR inhibition and IFN-neutralizing antibody as a potential combination therapy approach.

The development of catalysts with high activity and selectivity for hydrogenation remains a challenge. Here the authors report cobalt oxide-platinum catalysts with increased oxygen vacancy resulting from the promoted hydrogen spillover with platinum-oxygen vacancies as active sites.

Understanding the utility of SARS -CoV-2 vaccination platforms and strategies through the emerging pandemic and beyond are critical to understanding the efficacy of such interventions. Here the authors assess nasal delivery of an influenza virus based viral vector for vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 in a hamsters model and assess the induced immunity.

Mcm2 mutation or Pole3 deletion in mouse embryonic stem cells leads to asymmetric parental histone distribution and impaired neural differentiation. Mutation of the Mcm2 histone-binding domain causes defects in pre-implantation development and embryonic lethality.

Ubiquitination and deubiquitination processes regulate the stability of PD-1, affecting T cell biology. Here the authors identify the ubiquitin-specific protease 5 (USP5) as a deubiquitinase for PD-1 and show that USP5 inhibition in combination with a MEK inhibitor or anti-CTLA-4 could promote anti-tumor immune responses in preclinical models.

Here, using structural and biochemical methods, the authors reveal the existence of an intermediate state of the influenza polymerase, which allows it to toggle between the transcribing and replicative states.

Investigating the inner structure of baryons is important to further our understanding of the strong interaction. Here, the BESIII Collaboration extracts the absolute value of the ratio of the electric to magnetic form factors and its relative phase for e + e − → J/ψ → ΛΣ decays, enhancing the signal thanks to the vacuum polarisation effect at the J/ψ peak.

Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory disease affecting up to 3% of the population. Here, Zuo et al.perform exome array analysis, identify single-nucleotide polymorphisms at 15 new loci, implicating several biological pathways in psoriasis risk and disease heritability.

Although psoriasis is a chronic disorder affecting approximately 2% of the population, little is known about the underlying genetic architecture. Here, the authors carry out exome sequencing in a large Han Chinese cohort of psoriasis patients and healthy controls, and identify three new genes that may increase risk of developing the disease.

Premature truncations of ASXL1, a subunit of a deubiquitinase complex, are frequent in myeloid leukemia. Here, the authors show that expression of truncated ASXL1 in a haematopoietic precursor cell line enhances the deubiquitinase activity and leads to differentiation to the mast cell lineage.

From 1980 to 2018, the levels of total and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol increased in low- and middle-income countries, especially in east and southeast Asia, and decreased in high-income western countries, especially those in northwestern Europe, and in central and eastern Europe.

The genome sequences of 175 Ebola virus from five districts in Sierra Leone, collected during September–November 2014, show that the rate of virus evolution seems to be similar to that observed during previous outbreaks and that the genetic diversity of the virus has increased substantially, with the emergence of several novel lineages.

Dongxin Lin, Philip Taylor, Li-Dong Wang and colleagues have now pooled three genome-wide association analyses of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, finding two new risk loci at genome-wide significance and an HLA class II locus of significance in high-risk populations. They reanalyze the strength of evidence for previously published risk loci.

Comprehensive analyses of Cas9 proteins shed light on the evolution of the CRISPR–Cas9 system, and identify a pro-CRISPR accessory protein in bacteria that boosts CRISPR-mediated immunity by enhancing the DNA binding and cleavage activity of Cas9.

Quantum spin Hall materials hold great potential for future nanoelectronics. Here, authors synthesize a potential host system — monolayer ZrTe₅ — and demonstrate it possesses a band gap wide enough for potential room-temperature applications.

This study uses the relatively new aluminium/beryllium method to date the fossiliferous sediments of Zhoukoudian ('dragon-bone cave', which yielded specimens of Homo erectus) to around 750,000 years old, some 200,000 years older than usually thought. This implies that hominins lived at the site during some rather chilly periods, causing us to revise our ideas about the migration of early hominins northwards only in clement, interglacial times.

Huang et al. investigated the effects of long-term statins administration in a mouse model for diabetes and found that it can worsen insulin resistance, renal inflammation and fibrosis. Statins increased renal lipid uptake and inhibited fatty acid oxidation, contributing to diabetic nephropathy.

Nano-optomechanical systems plays an indispensable role in all-optical manipulation of light but high energy losses severely limit their development. Here the authors show ultrafast all-optical manipulation in a sub-5 nm tip-supported optomechanical metasurface.

Deep understanding of defect physics, excitonic properties and the ultrafast carrier dynamics in the high mobility p-type transparent CuI is vital for its optoelectronic applications. Here, Liu et al. employ a synergistic approach to unveil these fundamental properties.

Whole-exome sequencing of 250 parent–offspring trios identifies an enrichment of rare damaging de novo mutations in individuals with cerebral palsy and implicates genetically mediated dysregulation of early neuronal connectivity in the etiology of this disorder.

Genetic resources for livestock are valuable for understanding their demography and past selection, and may inform future breeding programs and agricultural improvement. Here, the authors present deep resequencing of 248 wild and domestic sheep, with associated data and analysis.