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Autophagy is implicated in self-renewal of stem cells, including embryonic stem cells (ES cells). Here the authors demonstrate EPG5 is highly expressed in ES cells, and its deubiquitylation by USP8 stimulates its interaction with LC3 to promote autophagy and maintenance of stemness.

Multi-component cascade transformations including difunctionalization of two alkynes with both syn- and anti-selectivity in one catalyst system is challenging. Herein, the authors report a Nickel-catalyzed four-component reaction to access densely substituted 1,3-dienes using two terminal alkynes, aryl boroxines, and perfluoroalkyl iodides.

Nanowires made of transition metal chalcogenides are promising as connecting elements in devices, but so far only isotropic growth is feasible. Here, the authors regulate the growth orientation of nanowires by introducing external stimuli into graphite-confined MoTe₂ heterostructures.

Functional divergence of CYP76AK subfamily, accompanied by oxidation variations at C-20, leads to diverse abietane-type diterpenoids in Salvia species. Enzyme activity loss contributes to this unique chemical diversity within the lineage.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is featured with epithelial barrier dysfunction, however, the underlying mechanism is less clear. Here, the authors show that DHX9 deficiency in intestinal stem cells (ISCs) induces accumulation of abnormal R-loops and subsequent genomic instability, leading to impairment of ISCs and development of IBD.

Hydrogen-bonds are widely found in many systems, such as DNAs and supramolecular assemblies, but it remains challenging to detect their dynamics at a molecular level. Here, Zhou et al. study the stochastic arrangement of hydrogen bonds using single-molecule junctions connected to graphene electrodes.

The characterization and tuning of free radicals at the single molecule level is a challenging endeavour. Here electrical conductance measurements of a single molecule sandwiched between nanogapped graphene electrodes via covalent amide bonds reveal the conversion between closed-shell and open-shell form with temperature, electric and magnetic field in real time.

Enantioselective transformations based on tetracoordinate borons are elusive. Now, an enantioselective nickel-catalysed strategy for the construction of axially chiral alkenes has been reported, via a 1,3-metallate shift of alkynyl tetracoordinate boron species. The reaction uses readily accessible starting materials and a cheap transition-metal catalyst, and the chemoselectivity, regioselectivity and atroposelectivity could be well controlled.

Guiding chemical reactions in a predictable and controllable manner is an ultimate goal of chemistry. Here, the authors show tuning of the single-molecule Mizoroki-Heck catalytic cycle through electrical gating and direct in-situ detection.

Although conventional analytical techniques can measure ensemble averages, single-molecule junctions can sense molecular reaction processes at the single-event level. The integration of a single-molecule Pd catalyst into a gapped graphene junction enables the electrical detection of a full catalytic cycle of the Suzuki–Miyaura coupling and clarifies the controversial transmetallation mechanism.

The lack of efficient and cost-effective catalysts for hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR) hampers the application of hydroxide exchange membrane fuel cells. Here, authors reported bimetallic MoNi₄ and WNi₄ nanoalloys with marked HOR activity in alkali, among which MoNi4 outperforms the Pt/C catalyst.

Parallel degradome sequencing and DMS-MaPseq pinpoint the first cleavage sites on bona fide pri-miRNAs, decode their in vivo structure and provide better interpretation of the cleavage modes and impact of DCL1 cofactors in the process in Arabidopsis.

While platinum is a highly active catalyst for H₂ evolution, its low abundance prompts research into earth-abundant alternatives. Here, authors prepare tungsten atomic clusters on phosphorus doped carbon by thermal migration and demonstrate excellent activities for hydrogen evolution electrocatalysis.

The optimal type or regional origin of stem cells for regenerative applications in the nervous system has not yet been established. Here the authors show that human neuroepithelial stem cells from the developing spinal cord, but not those from the developing cortex, show good host-graft interaction when transplanted to rodent models of spinal cord injury.

Hydroxide exchange membrane fuel cells operating in alkaline electrolyte are more cost-effective than their proton exchange membrane counterparts, but their performance is still considerably lower. Now, a Ni–Mo–Nb metallic glass is put forward as a hydrogen oxidation reaction catalyst with high activity and stability in alkaline electrolyte.

Zhang, Xu, Liu, Wang et al. identify an inhibitory mechanism for RIPK1 kinase through EGLN1/pVHL-mediated proline hydroxylation, which is disrupted upon prolonged hypoxia that activates RIPK1 activity to promote cell death and inflammation.

Planar perovskite solar cells that have been passivated using the organic halide salt phenethylammonium iodide are shown to have suppressed non-radiative recombination and operate with a certified power conversion efficiency of 23.3%.

Stem cell factor (SCF) and its receptor, Kit, have known roles in regulating cell growth and survival. Here, Huang et al. reveal a new function of SCF/Kit signalling, showing that it increases energy expenditure and mitochondrial function in brown adipose tissue by promoting expression of PGC-1a.

SERRATE (SE) is an RNA processing factor that regulates plant growth and development starting from the embryo stage. Here, interacting partners of SE that are also the key components of the ubiquitin-independent 20S proteasome are identified and characterized to play important roles in regulating SE degradation and RNA metabolism in Arabidopsis.

UVB light photoreceptor UVR8 physically interacts with WRKY36 in nuclei. WRKY36 promotes hypocotyl elongation by inhibiting HY5 transcription. UVR8 inhibits WRKY36 binding to the HY5 promoter.

Orbital forcing consistently influenced the magnitude of millennial-scale climate variability through the Pleistocene, according to an analysis of four high-resolution Northern Hemisphere proxy records covering the past 1.5 Myr.

Genome assemblies of two aquatic species, prickly waterlily and rigid hornwort, clarify the early diversification and phylogeny of plants. Multiple independent polyploidization events are inferred in each of the five major angiosperm clades.