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SARS-CoV-2 continues to evolve, necessitating updated vaccines and therapeutics. Here the authors identify three broadly binding antibodies from vaccinated or infected individuals, characterize their conserved non-overlapping RBD epitopes by structural analysis and demonstrate protective effects in a hamster model.

Impaired Aβ clearance in late-onset Alzheimer’s disease (AD) affects progression. Here, the authors show that CD14 + CD16+ monocytes carry Aβ in peripheral circulation and CSF in AD, suggesting a role in Aβ clearance.

The authors demonstrate strain-induced morphotropic phase boundary-like nanodomains in lead-free NaNbO₃ thin films, enabling multi-state switching and large enhancements in dielectric susceptibility and tunability over a broad frequency range.

Achieving a balance between molecular packing density, charge transport efficiency, and defect passivation remains a challenge for perovskite solar cells. Here, authors synthesize self-assembled molecules with flexible head groups and rigid linkers, achieving maximum device efficiency of over 26%.

The semileptonic decay channels of the Λc baryon can give important insights into weak interaction, but decay into a neutron, positron and electron neutrino has not been reported so far, due to difficulties in the final products’ identification. Here, the BESIII Collaboration reports its observation in e+e- collision data, exploiting machine-learning-based identification techniques.

An adaptive supramolecular system is designed which exhibits complex droplet growth and phase behaviours, driven by the interplay between environmental factors (light input) and intrinsic chemical activity. This process is powered by light-induced bond scission of strained cyclic disulfides in monomers and the formation of diverse oligomers with linear disulfide linkages.

While Bell inequalities have been violated several times—mostly in photonic systems—their violations within particle physics experiments are less explored. Here, the BESIII Collaboration showcases Bell-violating nonlocal correlations between entangled hyperon pairs.

Mudskippers are amphibious fishes that have adapted to live on mudflats. Here, the authors sequence the genomes of four different mudskipper species and highlight genetic changes that may have had an evolutionary role in the water-to-land transition of vertebrates.

In this Perspective, members of the Aging Biomarker Consortium outline the X-Age Project, an Aging Biomarker Consortium plan for building standardized aging clocks in China. The authors discuss the project roadmap and its aims of decoding aging heterogeneity, detecting accelerated aging early and evaluating geroprotective interventions.

Investigating the inner structure of baryons is important to further our understanding of the strong interaction. Here, the BESIII Collaboration extracts the absolute value of the ratio of the electric to magnetic form factors and its relative phase for e + e − → J/ψ → ΛΣ decays, enhancing the signal thanks to the vacuum polarisation effect at the J/ψ peak.

Cui et al. report analogue photoelectronic reservoir computing with IGZO synaptic transistors as the reservoir and TaOX-based memristor array as the output layer. A receptive field inspired encoding scheme is implemented to simplify the feature extraction for dynamic vision processing.

Cholinergic interneurons act at nicotinic receptors to depress dopamine release, interrupting its relationship to dopamine neuron firing and supporting an inverse scaling of dopamine release according to cholinergic activity.

Intermetallics are traditionally characterised by their inherent brittleness due to a lack of sufficient slip systems and the absence of strain hardening. Here authors show that a single-phase distorted high entropy B2 intermetallic alloy displays notable strength and plasticity at room temperature, along with stable plastic flow at high homologous temperatures.

Qu et al. report a self-assembled material with π-expanded conjugation to form hydrophilic ordered bilayer as hole selective layer for inverted perovskite solar cells. The enhanced interfacial charge extraction and transport enable certified efficiency of 26.39% and 25.21% for 7.15 mm² - and 99.12 mm² -devices, respectively.

Electrified thermal energy storage converts electricity into heat for thermal energy use. This Review assesses available and emerging technologies, identifying research needs for scalable, long-duration and efficient deployment.

The soils of urban greenspaces are strikingly rich. This study finds that the variety of microbial life there is linked to acidic conditions and that this diversity is more homogenous than found in farmland soils.

The goals, resources and design of the NHLBI Trans-Omics for Precision Medicine (TOPMed) programme are described, and analyses of rare variants detected in the first 53,831 samples provide insights into mutational processes and recent human evolutionary history.

Analysis of whole-genome sequences of 25,465 individuals of European ancestry shows that rare variants contribute substantially to the heritability of height and body mass index.

Azacitidine (AZA) response in myelodysplastic neoplasms is unpredictable. Here, the authors show in a phase 2 trial that while global methylation changes did not differ by response, baseline and initial CpG methylation differences in HSPCs predicted AZA response.

An expanded GWAS of birth weight and subsequent analysis using structural equation modeling and Mendelian randomization decomposes maternal and fetal genetic contributions and causal links between birth weight, blood pressure and glycemic traits.

Xu et al. report structures of the Arabidopsis cytokinin importer AZG1 in the apo, trans-zeatin-bound, 6-benzyleaminopurine-bound and kinetin-bound states, and elucidate an elevator transport model for the AZG1-mediated cytokinin uptake.

The authors observe a coherent Kondo lattice in a monolayer of VSe₂ grown on a superconducting 2H-NbSe₂ substrate. Superconductivity is established in the Kondo lattice through proximity effect from the substrate.

Using spin-entangled baryon–antibaryon pairs, the BESIII Collaboration reports on high-precision measurements of potential charge conjugation and parity (CP)-symmetry-violating effects in hadrons.

Here the authors studied pulmonary arterial endothelial cells (PAEC) under laminar shear stress and show that this physiologic condition markedly changes chromatin accessibility at regulatory regions, when compared to cells grown in a static state. They find that KLF4 organizes chromatin by interacting with the SWI/SNF nucleosome remodeling complex to regulate vasculo-protective gene expression.

Transancestral GWAS meta-analysis in 160,420 individuals identifies 139 loci associated with refractive error, including myopia. Newly identified genes implicate pathways involved in eye growth and light signaling cascades.

A single-cell transcriptomic analysis by Lau et al. reveals a homeostatic–chemotactic–phagocytic state transition in microglia upon IL-33 stimulation, identifying VCAM1 as a key regulator of microglial chemotaxis by sensing Aβ plaque-associated ApoE.

Piezo2 in mucosa and primary afferents mediates colonic mechanical sensation. Here the authors show that activation of Piezo2 regulates colonic mechanical sensitivity in a sex dependent manner.

In laser-driven inertial fusion, finding optimal driving pressure is a major challenge. Here, the authors use a 100 kJ SG laser and a hybrid-drive scheme to demonstrate such driving pressure with the help of the direct-drive laser such that the indirect-drive radiation ablation pressure is turned into a well-smoothed hybrid-drive pressure much greater than the radiation ablation pressure.

In the first results from an ongoing global cancer screening data repository, screening program organization was better overall in Europe compared to other continents; however, there were substantial gaps in implementation across both high- and low-resource settings.

A chemically complex alloy that exhibits a high elastic strain limit and low internal friction is described; it also has an Elinvar effect (invariant elastic modulus) over a large temperature range, up to 627 °C.

Neuropeptide Y signalling in the periphery contributes to the regulation of metabolic and energy homeostasis. Here the authors show that blocking Y1R signalling in peripheral tissues using the selective antagonist BIBO3304 ameliorates diet-induced obesity and improves whole-body glucose metabolism.

Liu and colleagues find differential effects of microglial apoE isoforms on brain function and microglial responses. ApoE3 enhances microglial responses, promoting brain function and reducing amyloid deposition and associated neurotoxicity, while the Alzheimer’s disease-associated apoE4 results in lipid droplet accumulation and impaired microglial responses, which are critical for limiting the development of amyloid pathology.

Luis Pérez-Jurado, Stephen Chanock and colleagues detect clonal chromosomal abnormalities in peripheral blood or buccal samples from individuals in the general population. They show that the frequency of such events increases with age and is associated with elevated risk of developing subsequent hematological cancers.

Although the common genetic variants contributing to blood lipid levels have been studied, the contribution of rare variants is less understood. Here, the authors perform a rare coding and noncoding variant association study of blood lipid levels using whole genome sequencing data.

Diehn and colleagues report that assaying circulating DNA in patients receiving chemoradiation therapy for non-small-cell lung cancer could identify the patients most likely to benefit from consolidation immunotherapy.

The intensity of radio emission from a pulsar is shown to relate to the quantity of particles discharging in the magnetosphere rather than to changes of the structure of the magnetic field in the magnetosphere itself.

Chiea Chuen Khor, Tin Aung, Francesca Pasutto, Janey Wiggs and colleagues report a global genome-wide association study of exfoliation syndrome and a fine-mapping analysis of a previously identified disease-associated locus, LOXL1. They identify a rare protective variant in LOXL1 exclusive to the Japanese population and five new common variant susceptibility loci.

Analysis of 97,691 high-coverage human blood DNA-derived whole-genome sequences enabled simultaneous identification of germline and somatic mutations that predispose individuals to clonal expansion of haematopoietic stem cells, indicating that both inherited and acquired mutations are linked to age-related cancers and coronary heart disease.

Bottom-up assembly of protocells into networking superstructures represents a further key step towards rudimentary formation of life. Now it has been shown that a pool of biomolecules can self-organize into an interactive binary population of protocell coacervates with a self-sorting chain-like configuration, allowing for biomolecular extraction, translocation and macroscale separation.

Mouse models expressing liver apoE in the absence of brain apoE reveal detrimental effects of peripheral apoE4 associated with Alzheimer’s risk on cognition and amyloid pathology through compromising vascular integrity and function.

Gene duplication and subsequent paralogue diversification are major obstacles to genotype-to-phenotype predictability.

Fragmentation of peptides leaves characteristic patterns in mass spectrometry data, which can be used to identify protein sequences, but this method is challenging for mutated or modified sequences for which limited information exist. Altenburg et al. use an ad hoc learning approach to learn relevant patterns directly from unannotated fragmentation spectra.

Myopia is a significant and increasing public health concern. Here Miyake et al. conduct a genome-wide association study and identify WNT7Bas a susceptibility gene across different ethnic groups, suggesting a possible role in the development of myopia.

The authors perform a genome-wide association study of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis patients of Han Chinese descent, and identify 3 new loci for disease susceptibility.

The transient reactivation of ETV2 in adult human endothelial cells reprograms these cells to become adaptable vasculogenic endothelia that in three-dimensional matrices self-assemble into vascular networks that can transport blood and physiologically arborize organoids and decellularized tissues.

A consensus genome-scale gene regulatory network reconstruction allows dissection of the transcriptional regulation of microalgal responses to light and carbon availability and discovery of novel regulators of photoprotection and CO₂ acquisition.