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Natural deep-mantle peridotites from eastern China reveal Fe-Ni alloys and Fe³⁺-rich olivine, providing direct evidence of iron disproportionation and slab recycling from the mantle transition zone beneath the eastern Asia big mantle wedge.

The tissue-specific accumulation patterns of pathogenic mtDNA mutations during aging remain incompletely understood. In this study, the researchers developed three mouse models with distinct mitochondrial tRNA mutations, revealing age-dependent accumulation of these mutations in the kidneys, leading to mitochondrial kidney disease.

The efficiency of a quantum computer depends on which basic operations it can implement. Now a scheme that can implement any two-qubit logic gate has been demonstrated on a superconducting architecture.

The application of catalytic dynamic kinetic asymmetric transformation (DyKAT) in axial chirality is limited to fivemembered metalacyclic intermediate-directed equilibrium of substrate enantiomers. Here, the authors report a tetracoordinate boron-directed DyKAT of racemic, configurationally stable 3-bromo- 2,1-azaborines for the construction of C-B axial chirality.

A study reports whole-genome sequences for 490,640 participants from the UK Biobank and combines these data with phenotypic data to provide new insights into the relationship between human variation and sequence variation.

The Legionella effector MavC catalyses the ubiquitination of the E2 enzyme UBE2N in the host cell through a transglutamination reaction, which can be inhibited by the Legionella effector Lpg2149. Here, the authors provide mechanistic insights into these processes by determining the crystal structures of the MavC/UBE2N/Ub ternary complex, the MavC/UBE2N-Ub product complex and the MavC/Lpg2149 complex.

A large-scale photonic accelerator comprising more than 16,000 components integrated on a single chip to process MAC operations is described, demonstrating ultralow latency and reduced computing time compared with a commercially available GPU.

The iron carbide active phase is easily oxidized by the water produced during Fischer-Tropsch synthesis, which leads to a deterioration in catalytic performance. Here, the authors present a strategy to protect iron carbide by applying surface hydrophobization.

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are crucial regulators but challenging to detect due to their low abundance. Here, authors developed a tetrahedral DNA framework (TDF) sensor that allows for rapid and sensitive detection of circRNAs both in vitro and in vivo, facilitating real-time visualization and tracking.

Single-atom nanozymes are a type of non-protein artificial enzymes and promising for mimicking enzyme active centers, but lack recognition sites to confer substrate specificity. Here, the authors report on a metal-ligand dual-site single-atom nanozyme (Ni-DAB) that mimics the dual-site catalytic mechanism of urate oxidase and has high selectivity in uric acid (UA) oxidation.

Time-series single-cell transcriptomic characterization of luteal-phase endometrium in fertile women with a variational autoencoder model uncovers the association of decreased epithelial receptivity and hyperinflammatory microenvironment in recurrent implantation failures.

Differences in timescales of electron transfer reactions limit the efficiency of electrochemiluminescence. Here, the authors coordinate the timescales using shallow trap states in carbon nitride to achieve high efficiencies applied in nitrite sensing.

A-to-I editing in animals is catalyzed by enzymes of the Adenosine Deaminase Acting on RNA family, orthologues of which do not exist in fungi. Here, Feng et al. characterise the enzymes involved in A-to-I mRNA editing in Fusarium graminearum.

Several in vitro synthetic enzymatic biosystems (ivSEBs) to produce poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) via acetyl-coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA) have been reported, but suffer from complicated operation procedures, low yields, and/or dependence on costly ATP. Here, the authors report the design of an ATP-free ivSEB for one-pot, high-yield PHB biosynthesis via acetyl-CoA utilizing starch-derived maltodextrin as the sole substrate.

Mitochondrial DNA mutations are subject to purifying selection in the female germline, limiting the transmission of pathogenic variants. In this study, the authors used two mouse models that harbor pathogenic mutations in mitochondrial complex I and observed that maternal age intensifies purifying selection processes.

A genome-wide association study meta-analysis combined with multiomics data of osteoarthritis identifies 700 effector genes as well as biological processes with a convergent involvement of multiple effector genes; 10% of these genes express the target of approved drugs.

Integrating static image capture and dynamic visual processing in a single sensor is challenging. The authors experimentally demonstrate a CMOS-integrated organic neuromorphic imager with adjustable memory, capable of high-resolution dual-modal imaging.

Building an efficient proton-exchange membrane water electrolyzer with low Ir loading remains important but challenging. Here, the authors report an Ir/MnO_x catalyst with rich Ir-O-Mn bonds that serve as charge-transfer channels to generate and stabilize active Ir³⁺ species, enhancing both activity and stability.

Solid polymer electrolytes containing N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) exhibit improved Li⁺ conductivity but poor cycle life due to incompatibility between the Li metal anode and DMF. Here, the authors report a polymer electrolyte composited with Hofmann-DMF complex that achieves both high Li⁺ conductivity and long cycle life.

Spatially selective actuation and large output force enables versatile task performance in soft robotics. Here, the authors report a method for actuating untethered soft robots using focused ultrasound waves to perform liquid cargo delivery and biopsy.

Several engineered Cas13 variants achieve targeted RNA degradation with minimal collateral effects.

Targeted black phosphorus nanosheet-based therapeutics that efficiently deliver resolvin D1 to lesional macrophages for the treatment of atherosclerosis by reducing oxidative stress and resolving inflammation have been discussed.

Catalysts with multiple and modulable reaction pathways are promising but generally hampered by inconsistent reaction conditions and negative internal interferences. Herein, the authors report an adaptable graphitic C6N6-based copper singleatom catalyst

Evidence for the treatment of patients with mild-to-moderate COPD is limited. Here, the authors show that long-term treatment with high-dose N-acetylcysteine neither significantly reduced the annual rate of total exacerbations nor improve lung function in patients with mild-tomoderate COPD.

Understanding the mutation landscape of cancer may enable the development of more targeted therapies. Here, the authors sequence a panel of genes in a large Asian cohort and compare to American cohorts and find 64% of the Asian patients have actionable mutations.

A workflow integrating tools from bioinformatics, structural biology and synthetic biology has been developed that enables the rapid design of pili-enabled living materials. This approach allows mining of pili-producing nonpathogenic chassis, understanding of the pili structure and assembly, and engineering of pili-enabled living materials in a systematic and sequential manner.

Thermally conductive polymers can be used for advanced thermal management applications but the transport mechanisms have yet to be elucidated. Here the authors report the synthesis of polyethylene films with high thermal conductivity, which is attributed to the amorphous regions of the nanofibers.

The authors developed a highly conductive and dielectric composite solid-state electrolyte by coupling BaTiO₃ and Li_0.33La_0.56TiO_3–x nanowires with a side-by-side heterojunction structure in a polyvinylidene difluoride matrix, which simultaneously promotes the dissociation of lithium salts to produce more movable Li ions and efficiently transports the generated movable Li ions.

Piezoelectric polymers usually have rather low piezoelectric coefficients less than 30 pC/N. Here, the authors achieve a highly piezoelectric polymer (d₃₃ = −62 pC/N) based on a poled biaxially oriented poly(vinylidene fluoride) with a pure β phase due to the mobile oriented amorphous fraction.

Graded-energy-gap lead sulfide/mercury telluride stacked quantum dots enable photodetection and imaging in a focal plane array configuration from the visible (0.4 µm) to the mid-wave infrared (about 5 µm) region.

Chemical recycling of plastic wastes is of great significance for sustainable development, which also represents challenges and opportunities for synthesis of value-added chemicals. Here, the authors report a general strategy to degrade polyesters via directly breaking the C-O bond by nucleophilic substitution of halide anion of ionic liquids.

Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are increasingly being explored for electrocatalytic oxygen evolution, which is half of the water splitting reaction. Here the authors show that, under reaction conditions, mixed metal oxyhydroxides form at the nodes of bimetallic MOFs, which are highly catalytically active.

Invasion of the gut by oral bacteria in liver cirrhosis.

Xiangdong Fu and colleagues show that variation in DEP1, which encodes a G protein subunit known to influence rice panicle architecture, underlies a major quantitative trait locus for nitrogen-use efficiency. These findings suggest that modulating heterotrimeric G protein activity could contribute to environmentally sustainable increases in rice grain yield.

Peptide macrocycles are uniquely suited to engage some challenging biological targets, such as protein–protein interactions. Inspired by the ‘C–H’ cross-linked peptide natural products, a highly efficient and generally applicable strategy for constructing cyclophane-braced peptide macrocycles has been developed. The strategy is based on palladium-catalysed intramolecular C(sp³)–H arylation reactions.

Optineurin (OPTN) has been implicated in various biological processes, but its function in dendritic cells (DC) maturation is still unclear. Here the authors show, by characterizing Optn-conditional knockout mice, that the loss of OPTN induces Jak2/Stat3 activation and IL-10 production to suppress DC maturation and function, thereby ameliorating autoimmune responses in mice.