Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) induces epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) both B16 mouse and A2058 human melanoma cell lines. The injection of B16 cells expressing constitutively activated ALK3 enhanced zygoma destruction compared with empty B16 cells, suggesting that the activation of BMP signaling enhances bone invasion by inducing EMT in melanoma cells.
- Jing Gao
- Ryusuke Muroya
- Eijiro Jimi
