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Here, the authors identify the microbiota-derived corisin as a driver of diabetic kidney fibrosis via cellular aging and show that targeting corisin with a monoclonal antibody alleviates disease in mice, suggesting a potential therapeutic avenue.

Sjögren’s disease (SjD) can be split into different subtypes and these may have different molecular profiles. Here the authors compare anti-SSA and anti-centromere autoantibody positive SjD and show using spatial transcriptomics and TCR and BCR sequencing that different molecular signatures are found between the subtypes of SjD.

Genetic mechanisms influencing COVID-19 susceptibility are not well understood. Here, the authors analyzed whole blood RNA-seq data of 465 Japanese individuals with COVID-19, highlighting thousands of fine-mapped variants affecting expression and splicing of genes, as well as the presence of COVID-19 severity-interaction eQTLs.

Analysis of the blood DNA virome in patients with COVID-19 and autoimmune disease associates endogenous HHV-6 (eHHV-6) and high anellovirus load with increased disease risk, most notably for systemic lupus erythematosus. eHHV-6 carriers show a distinct immune response.

A highly scalable approach is used to generate 3,000 genome-wide maps of transcription factor binding in ten flowering plants, along with multi-species single-nucleus RNA-seq atlases. Together, the results reveal both ancient regulation and key regulatory adaptations.

Sevenless, the Drosophila homologue of ROS1 (dROS1) is a receptor tyrosine kinase essential for the differentiation of photoreceptor cells and activated by binding to the GPCR Bride Of Sevenless (BOSS). Here, the authors use cryo-EM and HDX-MS to elucidate the structural details of dROS1 interaction with BOSS.

An analysis of single-cell transcriptomes from the retina and optic lobe of the bobtail squid characterizes the cellular basis of the complex visual system of this cephalopod and provides insights into the convergent evolution of the neurons in the vertebrate neuroretina and cephalopod optic lobe.

Although small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors are effective in lung cancer driven by mutated EGFR, some receptor variants fail to respond. Here, the authors identify structural features of an important set of EGFR variants with reduced inhibitor sensitivity, guiding future inhibitor selection.

In humans, conception during cold seasons is shown to exhibit higher brown adipose tissue activity and adaptive thermogenesis, and lower body mass index and visceral fat accumulation in the offspring.

Here the authors find that mutations detected in iPSCs are de novo by analyzing 135 lines. More than 10,000 point mutations were observed in some lines and, intriguingly, CpG site-specific C>Ts were frequently identified, implying a relationship between DNA demethylation and mutagenesis.

Using cryo-electron microscopy, heteromeric amyloid filaments composed of TDP-43 and ANXA11 in the brains of patients with frontotemporal lobar degeneration type C are discovered.

The oxidized glutathione (GSSG) has been considered as a marker of oxidative status. Here the authors show that GSSG, but not GSH, improves ischemic heart failure by inhibiting mitochondrial fission through polysulfur-based S-glutathionylation of Drp1 at Cys644.

Omicron subvariants may differ in their replicative fitness and their potential to cause more severe disease. In this study, the authors characterized Omicron BA.2.75 in a hamster model and found that it replicates more efficiently in the lungs than BA.2 and BA.5.

Genetic variants in RP1 can cause hereditary retinal degeneration (HRD). Here, in a genomic screen of 331 Japanese HRD patients, the authors identify a near-polymorphic RP1 variant that causes Mendelian HRD in trans with an Alu insertion and otherwise is associated with HRD according to a complex model of inheritance.

Native enzymes using Lewis acid catalysis in intramolecular [4+2] cycloaddition remain unreported. Herein, the authors report the ferredoxins catalyzed [4+2] cycloaddition in polycyclic macrolactam verticilactam biosynthesis using a transition-metal center.

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is associated with increased abundance of Staphylococcus and Streptococcus in the lungs. Here, the authors identify a Staphylococcus nepalensis-derived peptide, named corisin, to induce apoptosis of lung epithelial cells and exacerbation of pulmonary fibrosis in mice.

Here, the authors show that treatment with a monoclonal neutralizing antibody against the lung microbiota-derived proapoptotic peptide corisin ameliorates acute exacerbation of pulmonary fibrosis and severity of endotoxin-induced acute lung injury in mice.

Paspalum vaginatum is a stress tolerant wild relative of maize and sorghum. Here, the authors assemble its genome at pseudomolecule level and reveal the role of trehalose mediated autophagy in increasing maize biomass productivity under nutrient-deficit conditions.

The genome of the biofuel crop switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) reveals climate–gene–biomass associations that underlie adaptation in nature and will facilitate improvements of the yield of this crop for bioenergy production.

This study uses cryo-EM, biochemical, and computational approaches to shed light on the fundamental mechanisms underlying the human mitoribosome function, including ligand binding, modifications, Fe-S clusters, and aging-related polyamines.

Tamagawa, Fujii et al. demonstrate that squamous differentiation in human pancreatic cancer can be attributed to TP63-mediated lineage conversion and epigenetic reprogramming that depends upon a hypoxic and Wnt-defective niche.

Intracranial germ cell tumors (IGCTs) are rare brain tumors mainly diagnosed in children and young adults. Here, the authors conduct a genome-wide association study for IGCTs, identify a risk locus at BAK1, and characterize its functional consequences.

El Niño in the preceding winter tends to exert a stronger influence on the East Asian summer monsoon than its counterpart, La Niña. The authors discuss the reasons behind this asymmetry and highlight the important role of multi-year La Niña events.

U2AF1 binds to the 3’ splice site of introns and its mutation lead to abnormal splicing. Here the authors solve the crystal structures of wild type and pathogenic mutant U2AF1 bound to target RNA, showing that different target sequence is preferred by pathogenic mutant.

STIGMATIC PRIVACY 1 (SPRI1) encodes a stigma-specific plasma membrane protein. It ensures intraspecific fertilization by rejecting pollen tubes of distantly related species in a manner independent of self-incompatibility, thus functioning as an interspecies barrier mechanism.

Previous genome-wide association studies have identified risk loci for pancreatic cancer but were centered on individuals of European ancestry. Here the authors identify GP2 gene variants associated with pancreatic cancer susceptibility in populations of East Asian ancestry.

Point mutations have been found in induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) but when they arise is unclear. Here, the authors show that a G1/S cell cycle checkpoint deficiency transiently occurs early in genome reprogramming, suggesting a common developmental pathway between iPSC and tumorigenesis, and generate genetic burden-free human iPSCs.

Zymoseptoria tritici is an important fungal pathogen of wheat which has spread globally. Here, the authors perform genomic analyses on a collection of ~1100 Z. tritici samples from 42 countries to describe its global spread and elucidate mechanisms of adaptation to different environmental conditions.

Broadly protective antibodies targeting influenza viruses are of interest as potential therapeutics or to inform vaccine development. Here the authors characterize a human mAb (DA03E17) with heterosubtypic binding to neuraminidases from IAVs and IBVs that provides broad protection in vitro and in vivo.

In this study, Yoshimi et al. report on the mechanisms of CRISPR-Cas3 non-specific cleavage of single-stranded DNA and target-specific degradation of double stranded DNA. They employ high-speed AFM to capture images of type I CRISPR priming and interference.

Trypanosomes are the causative agent of sleeping sickness. Here the authors demonstrate that the loss of single pseudouridine in ribosomal RNA affects the stoichiometry of ribosomal proteins and translation of a subset of proteins.

LGI1 is an epilepsy-related gene that encodes a secreted neuronal protein. Here the authors present the crystal structure of LGI1 bound to its receptor ADAM22, which provides structural insights into epilepsy-causing LGI1 mutations and might facilitate the development of novel anti-epilepsy drugs.

The MILL (MHC-I-like located near the leukocyte receptor complex) family is a group of related nonclassical MHC-I molecules. Here the authors present the crystal structure of MILL2, which reveals an unusual interdomain flexibility, and show that MILL2 binds heparan sulfate on the surface of fibroblasts through a basic patch.

Isolation and characterization of an archaeon that is most closely related to eukaryotes reveals insights into how eukaryotes may have evolved from prokaryotes.