By engineering boundary conditions, the authors obtain the self-assembly two-order ferroelectric radial vortices in high-density BiFeO3 nanostructures. Tuning the size of the BiFeO3 nanostructures enables stabilization of other kinds of multi-order radial vortices.
- Wan-Rong Geng
- Xiangwei Guo
- Xiu-Liang Ma