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Multi-omics datasets pose major challenges to data interpretation and hypothesis generation owing to their high-dimensional molecular profiles. Here, the authors develop ActivePathways method, which uses data fusion techniques for integrative pathway analysis of multi-omics data and candidate gene discovery.

Analysis of whole-genome sequencing data across 2,658 tumors spanning 38 cancer types shows that chromothripsis is pervasive, with a frequency of more than 50% in several cancer types, contributing to oncogene amplification, gene inactivation and cancer genome evolution.

The establishment of glucose-regulated insulin secretion from pancreatic β-cells requires multiple transcription factors but is incompletely understood. Here, the authors show that Mediator complex subunit MED15 is vital for this process of β-cell maturation, highlighting its role in coordinating transcriptional control of insulin production and secretion.

BCMA-specific CAR T-cell therapies have shown high response rates in multiple myeloma (MM), however the majority of patients still relapse. Here the authors show that CD24-positive MM cells increase after BCMA-CAR-T treatment in patients, and that dual-targeted BCMA/CD24 CAR-T cells can improve anti-tumor efficacy in MM preclinical models.

At the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider, observations of two meson species produced by heavy-ion collisions, ϕ and K^*0, show surprising patterns of global spin alignment, being unexpectedly large and consistent with zero, respectively.

Measurements of the inelastic cross section of anti-³He allow the estimation of the transparency of the Milky Way to the propagation of these light antinuclei produced in either cosmic-ray collisions or annihilation of dark-matter particles.

Braided channels are rare in submarine environments, yet common in fluvial systems. Laboratory experiments suggest that the formation mechanisms are the same, but submarine channels are typically not wide enough to promote braiding.

Antibodies (Abs) targeting highly conserved epitopes are important tools against emerging virus variants. Here, the authors characterize Abs that recognize a cryptic epitope in the receptor-binding domain of SARS-CoV-2 spike that is well conserved and show that these Abs can neutralize several variants of concerns.

The selective CO₂ photoreduction in water mediated by earth-abundant photocatalysts remains highly challenging. Here the authors present the coordinative anchorage of molecular catalysts on a pyridine-armed covalent triazine framework for CO₂ photoreduction to CO in fully aqueous solutions.

Two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides with peculiar spin–orbit coupling may lead to exotic phenomena. Here, the authors report a large in-plane upper critical field with a two-fold symmetry, suggesting a novel asymmetric spin–orbit coupling in few-layer 1T_d-MoTe₂.

There’s an emerging body of evidence to show how biological sex impacts cancer incidence, treatment and underlying biology. Here, using a large pan-cancer dataset, the authors further highlight how sex differences shape the cancer genome.

Despite the universal nature of diffusion, the behavior of light transport in optically thin media has remained unclear. Here the authors show that the description of this behavior in translucent media has the same form as in opaque media, even at length scales far below the mean free path.

Fast radio bursts (FRBs) are bright millisecond or shorter duration transient events. Here, the authors propose that FRB 20201124A comes from a binary system of a magnetar and a Be star with a decretion disk.

Demographic policies to address population aging could have major climate consequences, and such interaction effect is context dependent. This study shows that relaxing the fertility policy and delaying retirement age in China could lead to an increase in total and per capita household carbon footprint.

Analysis of interactions between the wheels of the Zhurong rover and the terrain along the rover’s traverse reveals soils with high bearing strength and cohesion.

The BRAIN Initiative Cell Census Network has constructed a multimodal cell census and atlas of the mammalian primary motor cortex in a landmark effort towards understanding brain cell-type diversity, neural circuit organization and brain function.

High-density, intrinsically stretchable transistors with high driving ability and integrated circuits with high operation speed and large-scale integration were enabled by a combination of innovations in materials, fabrication process design, device engineering and circuit design.

A study demonstrating increasing error suppression with larger surface code logical qubits, implemented on a superconducting quantum processor.

Analysis of cancer genome sequencing data has enabled the discovery of driver mutations. Here, as part of the ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium the authors present DriverPower, a software package that identifies coding and non-coding driver mutations within cancer whole genomes via consideration of mutational burden and functional impact evidence.

Many tumours exhibit hypoxia (low oxygen) and hypoxic tumours often respond poorly to therapy. Here, the authors quantify hypoxia in 1188 tumours from 27 cancer types, showing elevated hypoxia links to increased mutational load, directing evolutionary trajectories.

Cancers evolve as they progress under differing selective pressures. Here, as part of the ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium, the authors present the method TrackSig the estimates evolutionary trajectories of somatic mutational processes from single bulk tumour data.

Dimethyl fumarate (DMF) is an anti-inflammatory drug proposed as a treatment for COVID19. Here the results are reported from a randomised trial testing DMF treatment in 713 patients hospitalised with COVID-19. DMF was not associated with any improvement in day 5 outcomes.

In this study, the authors assessed influenza-specific antibody responses in a cohort of seasonally vaccinated children and report that seasonal vaccination is beneficial by enhancing pandemic influenza virus-specific antibodies and cross-reactive effector functions.

There is limited data on within-host SARS-CoV-2 genetic diversity and how it is affected by vaccination. The authors analysed intra-host sequence diversity and found that VOCs may have more sequence variations than non-VOCs and that breakthrough infections in vaccinated individuals do not seem to increase non-silent mutations.

Magnetotransport signature of topological semimetal states has been observed but restricted at very low temperature. Here, Zhanget al. report magnetic field-modulated chiral charge pumping and valley diffusion in Cd₃As₂up to room temperature.

White lupin is a legume crop that develops cluster roots for efficient phosphate acquisition. Here, the authors assemble its triplicated genome, reveal gene expression difference among sub-genomes, and characterize possible pathways related to high phosphorus-use efficiency.

Using cryo-electron tomography to detect individual GABA_A receptors in hippocampal synapses, we discovered a hierarchical and mesophasic organization of inhibitory postsynaptic density proteins that enables efficient synaptic transmission.

Pr₂Ir₂O₇ is a candidate for a metallic spin liquid with a quantum critical point; however, the exact nature of its ground state and quantum criticality is unknown. Here, the authors report strong deviations from dipolar spin-ice ground state and find normal electronic behavior near quantum criticality.

Sepsis is a potentially life–threatening complication of infection and diagnosis depends on rapid assessment of leukocyte count and CD64 expression. Here the authors present a microfluidic chip that can quantify these parameters from minimal amounts of whole blood with no manual processing.

A South China Sea expedition in 2021 identified a 3.5-km-deep site close to the Equator for a next-generation neutrino telescope: TRIDENT. A large array of advanced detectors will be arrayed on the seabed to probe fundamental physics and explore the extreme Universe.

Killing bacteria in tumors boosts survival in a mouse model of colon cancer.

Microglia could have health-promoting capacities in age-associated neuroinflammation. Here, the authors describe an autophagy and IL-34 dependent neuroprotective microglia population in the aging brain as a potential therapeutic target.

Generalized arterial calcification of infancy (GACI) is a terminal disease caused by the ENPP1 enzyme deficiency. Here, Albrigh et al. show that ENPP1 enzyme replacement therapy prevents the ectopic calcifications and mortality in mice with GACI, suggesting a novel treatment for vascular calcification in humans.

A high-resolution kidney cellular atlas of 51 main cell types, including rare and previously undescribed cell populations, represents a comprehensive benchmark of cellular states, neighbourhoods, outcome-associated signatures and publicly available interactive visualizations.

MKL1 is a key transcriptional co-activator of actin cytoskeleton genes. Here the authors show that MKL1 activation in somatic cells reduces chromatin accessibility and hinders full reprogramming to pluripotency. Reduction of MKL1, disruption of actin cytoskeleton and its links to the nucleus relieve this repression.

Danish Saleheen, Benjamin Voight and colleagues perform genome-wide analysis of multi-ancestry cohorts to identify genetic associations with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and coronary heart disease (CHD). They find novel loci and show that 24% of T2D loci are also associated with CHD and that greater genetic risk of T2D increases risk of CHD.

Fibroblastic reticular cells (FRCs) provide structural support and soluble factors necessary for proper lymph node organization and function. Turley and colleagues use scRNA-seq to identify a unique Gremlin1-expressing FRC subset that is found in T cell zones. Grem1⁺ FRCs support the survival of resident cDCs and are necessary to promote T cell immunity.

Topologically protected states at the interface of magnetic domain walls in a parallel plate waveguide with adjustable rods, are shown to be directed along different paths, as the waveguide geometry changes.

Federated learning, a method for training artificial intelligence algorithms that protects data privacy, was used to predict future oxygen requirements of symptomatic patients with COVID-19 using data from 20 different institutes across the globe.

Cryo-electron microscopy structures of three varicella-zoster virus (VZV) capsids show VZV-specific features of the capsid-associated tegument complex (CATC) and genome packaging. The authors conclude that the VZV capsid is less stable and the CATC binds more weakly than in the homologues in other herpesviruses, characteristics that are linked to the small genome size of VZV.

The measurement of the total cross-section of proton–proton collisions is of fundamental importance for particle physics. Here, the first measurement of the inelastic cross-section is presented for proton–proton collisions at an energy of 7 teraelectronvolts using the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider.