Sexual dimorphism articles from across Nature Portfolio

The mechanisms controlling reproductive hormone secretion are unclear. Here the authors show that noradrenergic inputs to kisspeptin neurons are able to control pulsatile hormone release in a sex- and gonadal steroid-dependent manner.

Experience-dependent decision-making is vital for survival. Here, authors uncover how the neuromodulator npr-5 regulates sex- and state-specific learning in C. elegans, shaping behavioral responses.

The role of androgen signalling in avian sexual development is still unclear. This study generated androgen receptor knockout chickens and find that, despite developing typical gonads, the males and females are infertile and many sexual ornaments and behaviors remain underdeveloped in both sexes.

Here, the authors demonstrate that cortical microstructure in young adults shows marked sex bias, which is most pronounced in paralimbic areas. The effects are put into context with variations in sex hormones and local cytoarchitecture.