Table 2 Comparison between different CAR-T cell therapies for lupus myocarditis treatment.
From: Pathogenic drivers of lupus myocarditis and potential therapeutic targets
| Â | Anti-CD19 CAR-T cells | Anti-CD19 CAR-Treg cells | Cardiac antigen-specific CAR-Treg cells |
|---|---|---|---|
Target antigen | CD19 | CD19 | MyHC or other cardiac antigens |
Primary target cells | B cells and plasmablasts | B cells and plasmablasts | Cardiomyocytes and cardiac antigen-presenting cells |
Mechanism of action | Depletion of B cells and plasmablasts to reduce autoantibody production | Suppression of autoantibody production by regulating B cell and plasmablast activity | Heart-specific suppression of inflammation |
Potential limitations | Not all patients with SLE may respond Less effective against CD19− plasma cells Increased infection risk | Not all patients with SLE may respond Less effective against CD19− plasma cells Increased infection risk | Effect limited to cardiac inflammation May not address systemic lupus Increased infection risk |
Ideal usage | B cell-driven SLE | B cell-driven SLE | Lupus myocarditis or heart-specific inflammation |
Development stage | Clinically tested | Tested in humanized mice | Under development |
References | – |
