Table 4 Meta-analysis results for ratios of means and mean differences in anthropometric and body composition parameters after 6 months of GLP-1 RA therapy.

From: GLP-1 agonists and changes in body mass and composition in adults with overweight or obesity with or without type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Study	GLP-1 RA		SE	−95%CI	+95%CI	p-value	weight [%]
RoM of Body mass
Agcakaya et al. [34]	Exenatide	0.93	0.03	0.89	0.99	0.012*	15.96
Elkind-Hirsch et al. [60]		0.96	0.01	0.94	0.98	<0.001*	84.04
		0.96	0.01	0.94	0.98	<0.001*	100.00
Feng et al. [61]	Liraglutide	0.93	0.01	0.92	0.94	<0.001*	29.66
Freitas et al. [53]		0.88	0.03	0.81	0.94	<0.001*	15.61
Freitas et al. [53]		0.88	0.03	0.82	0.95	0.002*	15.13
Nakaguchi et al. [63]		0.98	0.01	0.96	1.00	0.074	28.89
Rondanelli et al. [64]		0.97	0.05	0.88	1.08	0.617	10.71
		0.93	0.02	0.90	0.97	0.001*	100.00
Pantanetti et al. [28]	Semaglutide	0.97	0.01	0.94	0.99	0.004*	18.27
Pantanetti et al. [68]		0.95	0.01	0.94	0.96	<0.001*	20.09
Rodríguez Jiménez et al. [26]		0.90	0.04	0.83	0.98	0.016*	6.97
Rodríguez Jiménez et al. [26]		0.91	0.04	0.83	0.99	0.029*	6.77
Volpe et al. [29]		0.95	0.01	0.94	0.96	<0.001*	20.32
Volpe et al. [66]		0.90	0.00	0.90	0.91	<0.001*	20.67
Xiang et al. [27]		0.89	0.04	0.82	0.97	0.007*	6.91
		0.93	0.01	0.91	0.96	<0.001*	100.00
Summary (random effects)		0.95	0.01	0.93	0.96	<0.001*
Intergroup comparison						0.310
Egger’s test						0.847
MD of Body mass index [kg/m²]
Agcakaya et al. [34]	Exenatide	−2.77	0.32	−3.40	−2.14	<0.001*	33.60
Akyay et al. [59]		−1.58	0.50	−2.56	−0.60	0.002*	28.36
Elkind-Hirsch et al. [60]		−1.30	0.11	−1.52	−1.08	<0.001*	38.04
		−1.87	0.52	−2.89	−0.86	<0.001*	100.00
Feng et al. [61]	Liraglutide	−1.90	0.05	−2.00	−1.80	<0.001*	21.48
Freitas et al. [53]		−4.90	0.35	−5.58	−4.22	<0.001*	19.73
Freitas et al. [53]		−4.50	0.44	−5.37	−3.63	<0.001*	18.77
Nakaguchi et al. [63]		−0.50	0.07	−0.63	−0.37	<0.001*	21.45
Rondanelli et al. [64]		−0.86	0.46	−1.76	0.04	0.062	18.57
		−2.49	0.54	−3.54	−1.43	<0.001*	100.00
Pantanetti et al. [28]	Semaglutide	−1.19	0.11	−1.41	−0.97	<0.001*	13.47
Pantanetti et al. [68]		−3.18	0.16	−3.50	−2.86	<0.001*	13.21
Rodríguez Jiménez et al. [26]		−4.00	0.65	−5.28	−2.72	<0.001*	8.48
Rodríguez Jiménez et al. [26]		−3.20	0.32	−3.83	−2.57	<0.001*	11.95
Uchiyama et al. [65]		−1.30	0.06	−1.42	−1.18	<0.001*	13.64
Volpe et al. [29]		−1.40	0.05	−1.49	−1.31	<0.001*	13.68
Volpe et al. [66]		−3.36	0.13	−3.61	−3.11	<0.001*	13.39
Xiang et al. [27]		−3.60	0.29	−4.18	−3.02	<0.001*	12.18
		−2.56	0.31	−3.16	−1.96	<0.001*	100.00
Summary (random effects)		−2.40	0.24	−2.86	−1.94	<0.001*
Intergroup comparison						0.513
Egger’s test						0.051
MD of Waist circumference [cm]
Elkind-Hirsch et al. [60]	Exenatide	−2.0	0.3	−2.6	−1.4	<0.001*	100.00
Nakaguchi et al. [63]	Liraglutide	−2.3	0.2	−2.7	−1.9	<0.001*	51.77
Rondanelli et al. [64]		−6.9	0.9	−8.6	−5.1	<0.001*	48.23
		−4.5	2.3	−9.0	0.0	0.048*	100.00
Pantanetti et al. [68]	Semaglutide	−2.6	0.2	−2.9	−2.3	<0.001*	26.00
Volpe et al. [29]		−3.6	0.1	−3.8	−3.4	<0.001*	26.06
Volpe et al. [66]		−7.3	0.2	−7.7	−6.9	<0.001*	25.88
Xiang et al. [27]		−6.9	0.9	−8.6	−5.2	<0.001*	22.06
		−5.0	1.0	−7.1	−3.0	<0.001*	100.00
Summary (random effects)		−2.3	0.3	−2.8	−1.7	<0.001*
Intergroup comparison						0.012*
Egger’s test						0.597
RoM of Fat body mass
Akyay et al. [59]	Exenatide	0.99	0.09	0.83	1.19	0.926	3.25
Elkind-Hirsch et al. [60]		0.96	0.02	0.93	0.99	0.021*	96.75
		0.96	0.02	0.93	0.99	0.023*	100.00
Feng et al. [61]	Liraglutide	0.86	0.06	0.75	0.98	0.019*	20.20
Freitas et al. [53]		0.75	0.06	0.63	0.89	<0.001*	17.29
Freitas et al. [53]		0.76	0.06	0.65	0.88	<0.001*	18.92
Nakaguchi et al. [63]		0.97	0.02	0.94	1.01	0.097	26.01
Rondanelli et al. [64]		0.94	0.08	0.80	1.11	0.490	17.58
		0.86	0.05	0.76	0.97	0.012*	100.00
Pantanetti et al. [68]	Semaglutide	0.94	0.01	0.92	0.95	<0.001*	21.33
Rodríguez Jiménez et al. [26]		0.82	0.06	0.71	0.94	0.004*	11.33
Rodríguez Jiménez et al. [26]		0.80	0.05	0.71	0.90	<0.001*	13.10
Uchiyama et al. [65]		0.90	0.01	0.87	0.93	<0.001*	20.63
Volpe et al. [29]		0.82	0.01	0.81	0.84	<0.001*	21.17
Xiang et al. [27]		0.85	0.05	0.75	0.96	0.009*	12.44
		0.86	0.03	0.81	0.92	<0.001*	100.00
Summary (random effects)		0.94	0.01	0.91	0.96	<0.001*
Intergroup comparison						0.004*
Egger’s test						0.530
RoM of Fat free mass
Rodríguez Jiménez et al. [26]	Semaglutide	0.96	0.04	0.89	1.05	0.379	19.36
Rodríguez Jiménez et al. [26]		0.99	0.05	0.90	1.09	0.822	15.93
Volpe et al. [29]		1.03	0.01	1.02	1.05	<0.001*	64.71
		1.01	0.02	0.97	1.06	0.590	100.00
Rondanelli et al. [64]	Liraglutide	0.99	0.05	0.90	1.10	0.893	100.00
Summary (random effects)		1.01	0.02	0.97	1.05	0.657
Intergroup comparison						0.427
Egger’s test						0.068
RoM of Lean body mass
Elkind-Hirsch et al. [60]	Exenatide	0.99	0.01	0.97	1.01	0.180	100.00
Feng et al. [61]	Liraglutide	1.00	0.04	0.91	1.09	0.931	3.54
Nakaguchi et al. [63]		0.99	0.01	0.97	1.01	0.212	96.46
		0.99	0.01	0.97	1.01	0.214	100.00
Pantanetti et al. [68]	Semaglutide	0.94	0.01	0.93	0.96	<0.001*	39.93
Rodríguez Jiménez et al. [26]		0.96	0.04	0.88	1.05	0.351	12.37
Rodríguez Jiménez et al. [26]		0.99	0.05	0.90	1.09	0.782	10.80
Uchiyama et al. [65]		0.99	0.01	0.97	1.01	0.354	36.90
		0.97	0.02	0.93	1.00	0.069	100.00
Summary (random effects)		0.99	0.01	0.97	1.00	0.021*
Intergroup comparison						0.516
Egger’s test						0.624
MD of Visceral adipose tissue [cm²]
Rodríguez Jiménez et al. [26]	Semaglutide	−30.60	3.66	−37.78	−23.42	<0.001*	32.92
Rodríguez Jiménez et al. [26]		−42.30	3.71	−49.58	−35.02	<0.001*	32.78
Xiang et al. [27]		−24.40	3.16	−30.60	−18.20	<0.001*	34.30
Summary (random effects)		−32.31	5.27	−42.64	−21.98	<0.001*	100.00
Intergroup comparison						n/a
Egger’s test						0.368
RoM of Total skeletal muscle mass
Freitas et al. [53]	Liraglutide	0.96	0.03	0.89	1.02	0.207	36.71
Freitas et al. [53]		0.96	0.03	0.92	1.02	0.174	63.29
		0.96	0.02	0.92	1.00	0.066	100.00
Rodríguez Jiménez et al. [26]	Semaglutide	0.96	0.05	0.87	1.05	0.366	14.30
Rodríguez Jiménez et al. [26]		0.99	0.05	0.89	1.09	0.801	12.78
Volpe et al. [29]		1.02	0.01	0.99	1.04	0.159	29.30
Volpe et al. [66]		0.95	0.01	0.93	0.96	<0.001*	30.40
Xiang et al. [27]		0.95	0.05	0.86	1.05	0.307	13.22
		0.97	0.02	0.93	1.02	0.265	100.00
Summary (random effects)		0.97	0.02	0.94	1.00	0.034*
Intergroup comparison						0.716
Egger’s test						0.656
MD of Relative skeletal muscle index [kg/m²]
Rodríguez Jiménez et al. [26]	Semaglutide	−0.30	0.08	−0.46	−0.14	<0.001*	15.97
Rodríguez Jiménez et al. [26]		−0.20	0.09	−0.38	−0.02	0.032*	15.60
Uchiyama et al. [65]		0.00	0.02	−0.04	0.04	>0.999	17.36
Volpe et al. [29]		0.10	0.02	0.07	0.13	<0.001*	17.38
Volpe et al. [66]		−0.51	0.02	−0.56	−0.46	<0.001*	17.29
Xiang et al. [27]		−0.20	0.07	−0.33	−0.07	0.003*	16.40
		−0.18	0.11	−0.41	0.04	0.108	100.00
Rondanelli et al. [64]	Liraglutide	0.07	0.10	−0.13	0.27	0.497	100.00
Summary (random effects)		−0.04	0.08	−0.19	0.11	0.563
Intergroup comparison						0.099
Egger’s test						0.496

^*statistical significance.

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Table 4 Meta-analysis results for ratios of means and mean differences in anthropometric and body composition parameters after 6 months of GLP-1 RA therapy.

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