Fig. 3
From: Two macrophages, osteoclasts and microglia: from development to pleiotropy

Horizontal pleiotropy of common genetic factors. Pyk2 signal could be a converging pathway of the genetic correlation between osteoporosis and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Genetic variants in PTK2B are significantly associated with AD, body mass index, and bone mineral density suggesting that the two traits—osteoporosis and AD—could be linked by horizontal pleiotropy