Table 3 Estimated variance and covariance components, genetic parameters derived from these (co)variances.

From: First large-scale genomic prediction in the honey bee

Trait

\(\sigma _a^2\)

\(\sigma _m^2\)

σam

\(\sigma _e^2\)

\(h_a^2\)

\(h_m^2\)

rG

\(h_g^2\)

\(h_{CBS}^2\)

Honey yield

27.235 (5.406)

13.841 (3.015)

−6.124 (3.372)

61.549 (1.476)

0.136 (0.027)

0.173 (0.037)

−0.315 (0.142)

0.232 (0.02)

0.144 (0.019)

Gentleness

0.134 (0.016)

0.027 (0.006)

−0.020 (0.008)

0.062 (0.003)

0.435 (0.053)

0.221 (0.049)

−0.325 (0.096)

0.497 (0.029)

0.396 (0.033)

Calmness

0.103 (0.013)

0.019 (0.005)

−0.013 (0.006)

0.059 (0.003)

0.387 (0.048)

0.181 (0.043)

−0.289 (0.105)

0.448 (0.028)

0.363 (0.03)

Swarming drive

0.143 (0.033)

0.054 (0.017)

−0.008 (0.019)

0.356 (0.010)

0.124 (0.029)

0.117 (0.037)

−0.087 (0.249)

0.224 (0.024)

0.158 (0.022)

Hygienic behavior

111.61 (22.027)

25.571 (8.508)

−5.454 (10.688)

174.73 (5.688)

0.186 (0.037)

0.107 (0.035)

−0.102 (1.645)

0.270 (0.026)

0.211 (0.026)

VID

0.159 (0.045)

0.068 (0.024)

−0.028 (0.027)

0.619 (0.014)

0.088 (0.025)

0.095 (0.033)

−0.270 (0.275)

0.144 (0.02)

0.095 (0.018)

  1. The approximate standard errors are given in brackets.
  2. VID, Varroa infestation development; the last nine columns show the additive genetic variances of direct (\(\sigma _a^2\)) and maternal effects (\(\sigma _m^2\)), their covariance (σam), the residual variance (\(\sigma _e^2\)), the heritabilities of direct effects (\(h_a^2\)), maternal effects (\(h_m^2\)), the genetic correlation (rG), the heritability of the genetic component of the phenotype (\(h_g^2\)), and the heritability for the selection criterion in colony-based selection (\(h_{CBS}^2\)).
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