Table 1 Estimates and 95% confidence intervals for causal effects (log-OR of disease per SD-unit increase in risk-factor) of various putative risk-factors on three disease outcomes

From: Mendelian randomization analysis using mixture models for robust and efficient estimation of causal effects

Diseasea

Risk-factorsb

# of IVsc

MRMix

IVW

Weighted median

Weighted mode

Egger

LDSCd

CAD

BMI

972

0.39 [0.32, 0.46]

0.34 [0.3, 0.39]

0.36 [0.3, 0.42]

0.23 [−0.02, 0.48]

0.76 [0.44, 1.08]

0.44

LDL

155

0.33 [0.23, 0.43]

0.28 [0.21, 0.35]

0.28 [0.22, 0.35]

0.25 [0.04, 0.45]

0.41 [0.05, 0.76]

0.14

HDL

200

−0.01 [−0.12, 0.1]

−0.17 [−0.24, −0.1]

−0.08 [−0.15, −0.02]

−0.01 [−0.2, 0.17]

0.23 [−0.09, 0.54]

−0.28

TG

128

−0.04 [−0.25, 0.17]

0.24 [0.16, 0.31]

0.19 [0.11, 0.28]

0.14 [−0.14, 0.42]

0.23 [−0.12, 0.58]

0.26

SBP

215

0.49 [0.33, 0.65]

0.44 [0.34, 0.54]

0.44 [0.35, 0.54]

0.43 [0.17, 0.69]

0.5 [−0.18, 1.18]

0.54

DBP

237

0.4 [0.24, 0.56]

0.4 [0.31, 0.5]

0.36 [0.28, 0.45]

0.33 [0.08, 0.59]

0.3 [−0.37, 0.97]

0.58

BC

BMI

839

−0.18 [−0.28, −0.08]

−0.1 [−0.16, −0.05]

−0.14 [−0.2, −0.08]

−0.15 [−0.45, 0.14]

−0.14 [−0.5, 0.21]

−0.19

Height

3794

0.03 [−0.02, 0.08]

0.02 [0, 0.04]

0.02 [0, 0.05]

0.01 [−0.15, 0.17]

0.04 [−0.11, 0.18]

0.08

LDL

125

0.11 [−0.24, 0.46]

0.06 [−0.01, 0.12]

0.08 [0.01, 0.15]

0.09 [−0.11, 0.3]

0.12 [−0.2, 0.45]

0.02

HDL

152

0.24 [0, 0.48]

0.09 [0.04, 0.15]

0.11 [0.05, 0.17]

0.13 [0, 0.27]

0.03 [−0.22, 0.27]

0.1

TG

104

−0.07 [−0.43, 0.29]

−0.06 [−0.13, 0.01]

−0.07 [−0.15, 0]

−0.11 [−0.25, 0.03]

−0.2 [−0.52, 0.11]

−0.04

Age at menarche

262

−0.13 [−0.28, 0.02]

−0.02 [−0.08, 0.04]

−0.05 [−0.11, 0.02]

−0.08 [−0.25, 0.1]

0.18 [−0.24, 0.59]

0.21

MDD

BMI

971

0.34 [0.09, 0.59]

0.14 [0.09, 0.2]

0.19 [0.12, 0.25]

0.39 [0.01, 0.76]

0.11 [−0.24, 0.45]

0.14

Years of education

510

−0.18 [−2.18, 1.82]

−0.31 [−0.39, −0.23]

−0.3 [−0.39, −0.2]

−0.23 [−0.57, 0.11]

−0.4 [−0.97, 0.18]

−0.52

  1. aCAD: coronary artery disease; BC: breast cancer; MDD: major depressive disorder
  2. bLDL: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. HDL: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. TG: triglycerides. DBP: diastolic blood pressure. SBP: systolic blood pressure
  3. cIVs are defined as SNPs which reach genome-wide significance (z-test p < 5 × 10−8) in the study associated with X
  4. dLDSC: LD score regression estimates of causal effects is defined as \(\rho _{\mathrm{g}}/h_x^2\), the ratio between the estimated genetic covariance and the estimated heritability of the exposure (see Supplementary Notes for details)
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