Fig. 6: The emergence and decay of the model North Atlantic warming hole (NAWH) in response to tropical Indian Ocean (TIO) warming.
From: Indian Ocean warming as a driver of the North Atlantic warming hole
Anomalies in sea surface temperature (SST; units: °C) and surface winds (units: m s−1) for the TIO + 1C experiment with respect to the pre-industrial (PI) experiment, over the (a) initial period, (b) final period, and (c) the difference. “Initial” refers to Years 1–40, while “final” refers to Years 151–200. Anomalies in panels (a) and (c) are considered parts of the system’s fast and slow responses in the North Atlantic, respectively. Gray hatches highlight the areas of lower statistical significance (p-values of Student’s t test above 0.05).
