Fig. 5: Annual (2010) averaged anthropogenic fractions and first indirect forcing (RFaci).

Anthropogenic fractions of a aerosol optical depth (AOD) and b fine-mode AOD (AODf) from the GEOS-Chem-APM simulations. c RFaci based on MERRA-2 daily AODf for the scenario including all ambient clouds (All_Cld). d RFaci based on monthly POLDER-3 AODf.