Fig. 9: Helicity accumulation for AR12203. | Nature Communications

Fig. 9: Helicity accumulation for AR12203.

From: Direct evidence that twisted flux tube emergence creates solar active regions

Fig. 9: Helicity accumulation for AR12203.The alternative text for this image may have been generated using AI.

The emergence accumulation \({H}_{{{{{{\rm{emerge}}}}}}}\) (yellow line), the braiding accumulation \({H}_{{{{{{\rm{braid}}}}}}}\) (red line), and the total helicity accumulation \(H={H}_{{{{{{\rm{emerge}}}}}}}+{H}_{{{{{{\rm{braid}}}}}}}\) (blue line) are displayed. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.

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