Fig. 1: Workflow comparison.

Schematic overview of the workflow of conventional plunging devices (top) where glow discharging and sample application are not integrated with automated sample removal and subsequent plunging. In the Linkam approach (bottom) all steps are integrated into an automated workflow. In this approach, the sample application is not performed by pipetting but by dipping the grid in solution and sample removal is not performed by blotting with filter paper but by suction with a tube. The process of thin layer formation is followed live and only the timing of plunging is done manually, exactly opposite to the traditional workflow.