Fig. 1: PSAP and PGRN in PD patients are divergently regulated and associated with different PD symptoms.

A Representative PSAP and PGRN immunofluorescent staining in postmortem substantia nigra sections from four PD patients and four controls. BF bright field, RN red nucleus, CP cerebral peduncle, NM neuromelanin. Scale bars, 100 μm. B, C Quantification of mean immunofluorescence intensity (MFI) of PSAP and PGRN staining in TH positive neurons (n = 959 and 430 neurons from four controls and four PD patients, respectively). Data are presented as mean ± S.E.M. Student’s t-test (B), or Welch’s t-test (C) is applied. Non-significant p value is not labeled, ****p < 0.0001. D, E Scatter plots representing the associations of CSF PSAP with plasma PSAP (D) and CSF PGRN with plasma PGRN (E). Each point depicts a CSF PSAP or PGRN value and the corresponding plasma PSAP or PGRN value of one PD patient, respectively. N = 19, 20 in (D, E), respectively. F–I Scatter plots representing associations of CSF or plasma PSAP with scores of UPDRS-III or BDI-II. Each point depicts CSF or plasma PSAP values and the corresponding score of UPDRS-III or BDI-II of a PD patient. N = 19, 54, 20, 50 in (F–I), respectively. J–M Scatter plots representing associations of CSF or plasma PGRN with scores of UPDRS-III or BDI-II. Each point depicts the CSF or plasma PGRN value and the corresponding score of UPDRS-III or BDI-II of one PD patient. N = 20, 55, 19, 50 in (J–M), respectively. Pearson correlation coefficients (r) and p-values are calculated in (D, E, G, H, J, L), and nonparametric Spearman correlation r and p-values are calculated in (F, I, K, M). The solid and dashed lines indicate the simple linear regression line and the 95% confidential interval (CI), respectively. UPDRS-III Unified Parkinson’s disease Rating Scale-III, BDI-II Beck Depression Inventory-II.