Fig. 1: Prediction of catalyst properties by DFT and qualitative characterizations.

a–d Optimized geometry structures. Density of states (e), surface work functions (f) of CN, CN-KI, CN-KI3, and CN-KI3-KI. g TEM images of CN, CN-KI, CN-KI3-KI, and CN-KI3-KI-MV. h SEM images of CN-KI3-KI-MV and corresponding elemental mapping. XPS spectra (i), FTIR spectra (j), ESR spectra (k), XRD patterns (l) Inset: Enlarged XRD patterns, C K-edge (m), and N K-edge (n) XANES spectra of CN, CN-KI, CN-KI3-KI, and CN-KI3-KI-MV.