Fig. 5: The colloidal stability and wet processability of concentrated graphene dispersions.
a The concentration change of 60 mg mL−1 graphene dispersions during storage. b The size distribution of the dilute graphene dispersions (0.1 mg mL−1) before and after 550 days’ storage of concentrated graphene dispersions (60 mg mL−1). c The XRD curves of 60 mg mL−1 graphene dispersions after different storage times. d The viscosity curves of concentrated graphene dispersions in the shear rate window of 10-1~102 s-1. e The changes of storage modulus and loss modulus of 60 mg mL-1 graphene dispersions upon constant shearing. In the shaded regions, the constant shearing (10 s-1 for 10 s and 50 s-1 for 10 s) is applied. In the white regions, the small oscillatory strain of 0.1% is used to monitor the modulus recovery. f Photograph of graphene films. The scale bar is 5 cm. g Cyclic voltammetry curves of graphene films-based supercapacitors under different scan rates. h Volumetric capacitance (black points) of graphene films-based supercapacitor electrode in 1 M H2SO4 at different charging rates, the comparison of volumetric capacitance at 1 A g-1 and 5 A g-1 current density with those of previously reported50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62. Red and blue points represent the previously reported volumetric capacitance values at 1 A g-1 and 5 A g−1, respectively. i Electrical conductivity and thermal conductivity of graphene films after 1000 °C annealing, and comparison with those of previously reported graphene films after 2000–3000 °C annealing63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82. The error bars in h and i represent the standard deviation of the mean.
