Fig. 3: Surface potentials and energy level of perovskite films. | Nature Communications

Fig. 3: Surface potentials and energy level of perovskite films.

From: Rationally designed universal passivator for high-performance single-junction and tandem perovskite solar cells

Fig. 3: Surface potentials and energy level of perovskite films.The alternative text for this image may have been generated using AI.

a SEM images of the control, BGTS, VBETS, and LBETS-modified 1.58 eV-Cs0.05(FA0.95MA0.05)0.95Pb(I0.95Br0.05)3 perovskite films. b LBIC mapping images of the control, BGTS-, VBETS-, and LBETS-modified 1.58 eV-Cs0.05(FA0.95MA0.05)0.95Pb(I0.95Br0.05)3 based PSCs, the top row is fresh perovskite films and the bottom row is perovskite films after aging for 5 days at room temperature under RH of 60 ± 10%. c KPFM images of the control, BGTS, VBETS, and LBETS-modified 1.58 eV-Cs0.05(FA0.95MA0.05)0.95Pb(I0.95Br0.05)3 perovskite films. d Tangent lines in KPFM images to demonstrate changes in surface potential. e UPS spectra of the control, BGTS, VBETS, and LBETS-modified perovskite films. f Energy level diagram of the control and BGTS, VBETS, and LBETS-modified perovskite films.

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