Fig. 10: Loss of Ccdc78 and Ccdc33 elicit distinct defects in cilia beating and fluid flow. | Nature Communications

Fig. 10: Loss of Ccdc78 and Ccdc33 elicit distinct defects in cilia beating and fluid flow.

From: A protein complex in the extreme distal tip of vertebrate motile cilia controls their organization, length, and function

Fig. 10: Loss of Ccdc78 and Ccdc33 elicit distinct defects in cilia beating and fluid flow.The alternative text for this image may have been generated using AI.

A–D Spinning disk microscopy image of ciliary beating in control A, Ccdc78 KD B, Ccdc33 KD-1C Ccdc33 KD-2D MCC. Scale bar represents 10 μm. E–G Flowtrace visualizations of one representative sample of control E, Ccdc78 KD F and Ccdc33 KD G with 10 seconds time averaging. Scale bar represents 100 μm. (E’-G’) Speed colormap corresponding to panels 9E-G overlaid with velocity vectors (white arrows). The color scale of average speed is shown at the bottom. Scale bar represents 100 μm. H Speed profile graph showing average speed of fluid flow plotted as a function of distance from epidermis for all samples, with the mean values highlighted. (n = 6 embryos across 2 biological experiments) Data are presented as mean values +/- SD. I Average flow speed comparison of adjacent and far regions for all samples of control, Ccdc78 KD and Ccdc33 KD. The bar refers to the mean value, and the error bars refer to the standard errors. ****p < 0.0001, *p = 0.0141, Data are presented as mean values +/- SD. (n = 6 embryos across 2 biological experiments) (two-way ANOVA).

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