Fig. 7: Ccdc78 and Ccdc33 are essential for length control specifically in 9 + 2 motile cilia. | Nature Communications

Fig. 7: Ccdc78 and Ccdc33 are essential for length control specifically in 9 + 2 motile cilia.

From: A protein complex in the extreme distal tip of vertebrate motile cilia controls their organization, length, and function

Fig. 7: Ccdc78 and Ccdc33 are essential for length control specifically in 9 + 2 motile cilia.The alternative text for this image may have been generated using AI.

A–C Xenopus MCC injected with membrane-RFP (magenta) and Centrin-BFP (cyan) in control A, Ccdc78 MO B and rescued C embryos. Scale bar represents 10 μm. D Quantification of the length of cilium. ****p < 0.0001. (n = 147 cilia, 36 cells, 12 embryos across 3 experiments) (Ordinary one-way ANOVA) Data are presented as mean values +/- SD. E–G Xenopus MCC injected with membrane-RFP (magenta) and Centrin-BFP (cyan) in control E, Ccdc33 MO F and rescued G embryos. Scale bar represents 10 μm. H Quantification of the length of cilium is shown. ****p < 0.0001. (n = 100 cilia, 30 cells, 10 embryos across 3 experiments) (Ordinary one-way ANOVA) Data are presented as mean values +/- SD. I–K Image of Xenopus gastrocoel roof plate 9 + 0 motile cilia injected with GFP-Arl13b (green) and Centrin-BFP (blue) in control I, Ccdc78 KD J and Ccdc33 KD K embryos. Scale bar represents 50 μm. Magnified view of images are shown in right with 10 μm scale bar. L Quantification of the length of cilia. (n = 68 cilia, 8 embryos across 3 experiments) (Ordinary one-way ANOVA) Data are presented as mean values +/- SD. M, N Schematic images of Xenopus embryo at tailbud stage M and neurula stage N. The MCC 9+2 cilia are composed of microtubule doublets and a central pair, where the extreme distal tip of the central pair is labeled with Ccdc78/33. Loss of Ccdc78/33 results in disruption of distal ciliary region in MCC. On the other hand, nodal 9 + 0 cilia are composed of microtubule doublets only. Ccdc78/33 is not present in nodal cilia tip, thereby the 9 + 0 motile cilia are not affected by Ccdc78/33 deficiency.

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