Fig. 4: Naproxen alters the microbiome and potential microbiome-derived metabolites.
From: Depression of tryptophan may contribute to adverse effects of naproxen
Bacterial community membership was quantified using 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and relative abundances compared before and after Naproxen treatment. A Relative abundances of Coprococcus (P = 0.018, FDR = 0.25) and (B) Ruminococcaceae (P = 0.022, FDR = 0.25) in human stool after Naproxen treatment (n = 12 per group; n = biological replicate). C, D Urinary indole 3 acetic acid and indole lactic acid levels during naproxen or placebo treatment in healthy volunteers analyzed by paired one-tailed Wilcoxon test (n = 15 per group; n = biological replicate) with p = 0.0051 and p = 0.0365. respectively. E, F Urinary indole 3 acetic acid and indole lactic acid levels in mice on naproxen or control chow diets in mice (n = 8 per group; n = biological replicate) by unpaired one tailed Welch t test with p = 0.0255, p = 0.0249, respectively. The black and green circles represent placebo and naproxen, respectively. The data is expressed as mean ± SD. * Designates statistical significance, * p ≤ 0.05.
