Fig. 1: The diversity of bacterial community within insect midgut, phylloplane and soil of soybean fields.

a A stinkbug R.pedestris live on a soybean leaf. b The insect midgut is differentiated into four sections; M1-M4, the four sections of the midgut; MT: malpighian tubes. c Transmission electron micrographs (TEM) of the insect midgut with a bacterial layer. d Chao1 and Shannon diversity metrics of the four sections of insect midgut, phylloplane and soil of soybean field collected from the insect habitat. e Non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) of bacterial communities based on Bray-Curtis similarity. The difference of microbial communities among the different samples was calculated with PERMANOVA via “adonis” test. The insects, soybean leaves and soils were collected from 12 different geographical areas in China, and see Supplementary Table 1 for details of the sample collection information.