Fig. 5: Taxonomic composition of bacterial micribiomes in four midgut sections of different geographic insect populations.

a Relative abundance of bacterial 16 S rRNA genes in midgut M1section at the genus level from 12 insect populations. b Non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) of bacterial communities in midgut M1section of 12 insect populations. Relative abundance (c) and NMDS (d) of bacterial communities in midgut M2 section of 12 insect populations. Relative abundance (e) and NMDS (f) of bacterial communities in midgut M3 section of 12 insect populations. Relative abundance (g) and NMDS (h) of bacterial communities in midgut M4 section of 12 insect populations. The difference of microbial communities among the insect populations was calculated with PERMANOVA via “adonis” test.