Table 2 Plasma biomarkers increase following intermittent hypercapnia

From: The influence of intermittent hypercapnia on cerebrospinal fluid flow and clearance in Parkinson’s disease and healthy older adults

Plasma Measures

45 min - Baseline

90 min - Baseline

150 min - Baseline

α-synuclein (ng/ml)

3.57 (p = 0.0189)

1.25 (p = 0.2283)

2.32 (p = 0.0850)

NfL (pg/ml)

2.64 (p < 0.0001)

1.07 (p = 0.0317)

0.34 (p = 0.2728)

GFAP (pg/ml)

29.33 (p < 0.0001)

17.35 (p = 0.0012)

10.82 (p = 0.0244)

Aβ1-42

(pg/ml)

0.27 (p = 0.0458)

0.03 (p = 0.4335)

−0.10 (p = 0.7465)

Aβ1-40

(pg/ml)

6.39 (p = 0.0354)

4.69 (p = 0.0904)

4.77 (p = 0.0867)

pTau217

(pg/ml)

0.02 (p = 0.0967)

0.02 (p = 0.1842)

−0.03 (p = 0.9595)

  1. Contrasts from the linear mixed-effects models indicate significant differences [ng/ml or pg/ml (p-value)] following the intermittent hypercapnia (approximately 45 min since the start of the paradigm) relative to baseline measurements averaged across two baseline timepoints. These differences persisted for NfL and GFAP at 90 min post start of paradigm relative to baseline. While it approached baseline, GFAP remained elevated at 150 min post start of paradigm.
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