Extended Data Fig. 10: Characterization of eight isolated phagemids evolved by LySE for EG assimilation.

a. Growth curves of E. coli bearing eight isolated evolved phagemids (EGA1-8) after five generations of LySE, and wild-type phagemid (WT) in M9 media with 10 g/L EG and no glucose. b. Endpoint biomass (t = 48 h) of the growth curves. Five clones exhibited accelerated growth on EG compared to the wild type (Starting from best: EGA5, EGA3, EGA7, EGA8, EGA4). Data are the mean ± standard deviation from three (n = 3) independent biological replicates. Significance was tested via two-tailed unpaired two-sample t-test between each respective mutant and the wild-type variant. EGA3: p = 2.29 × 10−5; EGA4: p = 8.21 × 10−3; EGA5: p = 2.53 × 10−5; EGA7: p = 3.26 × 10−4; EGA8: p = 1.35 × 10−4. * p < 0.01; ** p < 0.001; *** p < 0.0001.