Extended Data Fig. 1: Geochemical scatter plots.

Redox proxy data from a, the Tawallah Group, b, the McArthur and Limbunya groups, and c, the Roper, Bullita and Tijunna Groups. Data are coloured according to their interpreted redox conditions (interpretation based holistically on the overall geochemical context). Symbol shape corresponds to the interpreted depositional environment. Faded colours represent data from the published literature and Northern Territory Geological Survey core sampling reports. Iron speciation data show the ratio of highly reactive iron to total iron (FeHR/FeT) and the ratio of pyrite iron to highly reactive iron (Fepy/FeHR). Trace element (V, Mo and U) enrichments are shown as a mass ratio normalised to Al content (in μg g−1 / %), with the dashed line boxes representing the values characteristic of sediments deposited in modern oxic or euxinic basins (see ref. 63; Supplementary Information).